Welch Company
San Francisco, CA


S U M M A R Y


DIARY: September 12, 1999 09:26 AM Sunday; Rod Welch

Article in Sunday Times on medical mistakes cause injury and death.

1...Summary/Objective
....................High cost of medical mistakes
........Cost Medical Mistakes $51B Annually Risk Management Cover Up
........Medical Chart Errors Ommissions Speaking Hearing Writing
........Writing Illegible Speaking Hearing Inaccurate Medical Chart
........Risk Management Cover Up Cost Medical Mistakes $51B Annually


..............
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CONTACTS 
0201 - Philidelphia Daily News
020101 - Ms. Andrea Gerlin; Reporter

SUBJECTS
High Cost Medical Mistakes Cause Death and Injury 3 Times the Rate o

1403 -
1403 -    ..
1404 - Summary/Objective
1405 -
140501 - Follow up ref SDS 33 0000, ref SDS 25 0000.
140502 -
140503 - The front page headline in the Sunday Times today has an article on
140504 - the...
140506 -                     ..
140507 -                    High cost of medical mistakes
140508 -
140509 -
140510 - ...cause injuries and death 300% greater than automobile and airline
140511 - accidents combined. ref OF 3 0001 and ref OF 3 0196
140513 -  ..
140514 - People are injured and killed by mistakes in hospitals everyday.
140515 - ref OF 4 5820  A major cause of error is miscommunication, reviewed
140516 - further below. ref SDS 0 0960
140517 -
140518 -       [On 990924 notified author about cause and solution to mistakes.
140519 -       ref SDS 42 0001]
140521 -        ..
140522 -       [On 990924 major cause of medical mistakes is rising
140523 -       complexity of modern health care that overwhelms span of
140524 -       attention, and so degrades communication; requires a new role to
140525 -       assist doctors and patients with case management. ref SDS 42
140526 -       2955
140528 -        ..
140529 -       [On 991001 "little mistake" crashes NASA space craft on Mars.
140530 -       ref SDS 43 0001]
140532 -        ..
140533 -       [On 991028 Robert Pearl, CEO at Kaiser, submitted letter to
140534 -       membership announcing efforts to improve quality team care.
140535 -       ref SDS 47 0800]
140537 -        ..
140538 -       [On 991207 President Clinton announces national initiative to
140539 -       reduce medical mistakes. ref SDS 50 0889
140541 -        ..
140542 -       [On 991221 study finds that doctors do not communicate
140543 -       adequately with patients 90% of the time. ref SDS 52 0001
140545 -        ..
140546 -       [On 040416 case study medical mistakes Millie's patient history.
140547 -       ref SDS 58 GN7J
140549 -        ..
140550 -       [On 040419 examples of simple mistakes that occur inadvertently,
140551 -       ref SDS 59 XU83, due to limited time, complexity, and in some
140552 -       cases routine, repetitive tasks, where span of attention wanders
140553 -       slightly. ref SDS 59 HH5G
140555 -        ..
140556 -       [On 041012 medical management exasperating because staff fail to
140557 -       invest time for organizing the record, causing mistakes, delay
140558 -       and cost escalation. ref SDS 60 NV49
140560 -        ..
140561 -       [On 041018 UCSF Cancer Center verifies CA 15-3 cancer marker
140562 -       dropped to normal by checking the documentation; says cancer
140563 -       marker not important to patient evaulation. ref SDS 62 L16Q
140565 -        ..
140566 -       [On 041019 Stanford Cancer Center checks the record of
140567 -       documentation to verify accuracy of patient history. ref SDS 63
140568 -       OW88
140570 -        ..
140571 -       [On 041125 AHRQ publication confirms high cost of medical
140572 -       mistakes caused by communication errors offers 20 tips to save
140573 -       time and money by preventing errors and omissions in health
140574 -       care. ref SDS 64 SD6N
140576 -        ..
140577 -       [On 050409 Lilly's sister contracted an infection during a stay
140578 -       at the hospital, and was treated with an outpatient IV.
140579 -       ref SDS 67 6R5J
140581 -        ..
140582 -       [On 050824 Advice Nurse persistant reminds surgeon to implement
140583 -       requirements in Kaiser's Healthwise Handbook following up
140584 -       patient calls to collaborate and coordinate via email on
140585 -       accuracy of communication and patient medical history.
140586 -       ref SDS 69 4M7N
140588 -        ..
140589 -       [On 051103 study shows 34% of patients report experiencing
140590 -       medical mistakes. ref SDS 70 ET68
140592 -        ..
140593 -       [On 060615 example quality care issues facing hospitals.
140594 -       ref SDS 72 TB6R
140596 -        ..
140597 -       [On 060808 small, inconsequential mistake in medical chart
140598 -       shows patient being treated with Coumadin for pulmonary emboli,
140599 -       which was actually stopped 10 months earlier; backup doctor
140600 -       does not know medical chart is incorrect; primary care
140601 -       physician on vacation when notice received of genetic cause for
140602 -       pulmonary emboli in patient's family, and so assumes that since
140603 -       patient is already receiving treatment, no action is required.
140604 -       ref SDS 73 A45F
140606 -        ..
140607 -       [On 060809 Margaret at UCSF, Sherry's colleague, also, has
140608 -       hectic schedule, not enough time to communicate with patient,
140609 -       ref SDS 74 YK6N, nor to organize the record for the doctor to
140610 -       make a timely review and conduct an effective meeting.
140611 -       ref SDS 74 I73H
140613 -        ..
140614 -       [On 080911 article Why Doctors Make Mistakes explains problems
140615 -       of busy doctors overwhelmed by hectic schedule rely on personal
140616 -       memory and conversation, do not have time for analysis to review
140617 -       patient history. ref SDS 82 U17Q
140619 -  ..
140620 - Follow up articles on 990913, 990914, and 990915, reported...
140621 -
140622 -    1.  Many mistakes have... simple origins in poorly designed
140623 -        systems... ref OF 4 1406
140624 -
140625 -        New World Order... cites Aristotole's rule that little
140626 -        deviations grow over time into big mistakes. ref OF 8 6056
140627 -        Morris commented on executives ignoring small, innocuous
140628 -        conflicts with objectives, requirements, and commitments that
140629 -        seem like unnecesary overkill to fix at the time, because
140630 -        everybody is busy working on big problems, but later the small
140631 -        problems explode into major crisis and calamity. ref SDS 2
140632 -        0674
140634 -         ..
140635 -        On 990625 Kaiser has good procedures, but doctors don't have
140636 -        time to use them, ref SDS 24 2652, and prefer to work
140637 -        spontaneously by conversation, because it is fast and easy.
140638 -        ref SDS 24 1978
140639 -
140640 -          [On 990910 multiple mistakes on visit to Kaiser. ref SDS 40
140641 -          3038]
140643 -           ..
140644 -          [On 991008 requested meeting to review team care practices to
140645 -          support doctor/patient partnership. ref SDS 46 5727]
140647 -           ..
140648 -          [On 991028 Kaiser's doctors have freedom to practice medicine
140649 -          as it should be practiced, but no guidelines established.
140650 -          ref SDS 47 2555]
140652 -           ..
140653 -          [On 000122 Kaiser addresses medical mistakes. ref SDS 53 0863
140655 -           ..
140656 -          [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings with
140657 -          patients are scheduled every 15 minutes. ref SDS 54 0788
140659 -           ..
140660 -          [On 000211 Dale Ames experiences comedy of errors in medical
140661 -          practice. ref SDS 55 3600]
140663 -           ..
140664 -          [On 040419 simple communication mistakes occur inadvertently,
140665 -          ref SDS 59 XU83, due to limited time, complexity, and in some
140666 -          cases routine, repetitive tasks, where span of attention
140667 -          wanders slightly. ref SDS 59 HH5G
140669 -           ..
140670 -          [On 041012 medical management exasperating because staff fail
140671 -          to invest time for organizing the record, causing mistakes,
140672 -          delay and cost escalation. ref SDS 60 NV49
140674 -           ..
140675 -          [On 060428 doctors limited time prevents reading findings to
140676 -          correlate clinically that discovers trends for proactive
140677 -          management; there is only enough time to read summaries on
140678 -          the gist of findings. ref SDS 71 VG5L
140680 -         ..
140681 -    2.  Communication errors are the biggest cause for the high cost of
140682 -        medical mistakes, per above. ref SDS 0 0001  Major cause of
140683 -        mistakes in health care occurs from errors in the medical
140684 -        chart, ref SDS 0 4T4H, many due to illegible writing, further
140685 -        noted below. ref SDS 0 0900
140686 -
140687 -            [On 990924 major cause of medical mistakes care is rising
140688 -            complexity of modern health care that overwhelms span of
140689 -            attention, and so degrades communication; requires a new
140690 -            role to assist doctors and patients with case management.
140691 -            ref SDS 42 2955
140693 -             ..
140694 -            [On 041125 AHRQ publication confirms high cost of medical
140695 -            mistakes caused by communication errors offers 20 tips to
140696 -            reduce. ref SDS 64 SD6N
140698 -             ..
140699 -            [On 080318 people typically manage health care records with
140700 -            a shirt-pocket binder containing quickly scralled notes of
140701 -            cursory understandings. ref SDS 80 GZ4X
140703 -             ..
140704 -            [On 080911 article Why Doctors Make Mistakes explains
140705 -            problems of busy doctors overwhelmed by hectic schedule
140706 -            rely on personal memory and conversation, do not have time
140707 -            for analysis to review patient history. ref SDS 82 U17Q
140709 -         ..
140710 -        Executives everywhere work by conversation, reported on 911123.
140711 -        ref SDS 1 3739
140713 -         ..
140714 -        Kaiser publishes a Healthwise Handbook with well recognized
140715 -        procedures to make communication effective by writing things
140716 -        down...
140717 -
140718 -        a.  Accurate communication yields good
140719 -            diagnosis, planning, treatments,
140720 -            monitoring, and
140721 -            results........................... 990625, ref SDS 24 3190
140723 -             ..
140724 -        b.  Written record best evidence
140725 -            of accurate listening
140726 -            essential for effective
140727 -            communication..................... 990625, ref SDS 24 JY9J
140729 -             ..
140730 -        c.  Written record in Medical Chart
140731 -            review by patient documents accurate
140732 -            communication for timely,
140733 -            comprehensive
140734 -            care.............................. 990625, ref SDS 24 TD5S
140736 -             ..
140737 -        d.  Written records improve accuracy
140738 -            of human memory by orders of
140739 -            magnitude to avoid medical
140740 -            mistakes.......................... 990625, ref SDS 24 GT62
140742 -             ..
140743 -        e.  Submit written agenda to be prepared
140744 -            for productive meetings with patient
140745 -            history of symptoms and response to
140746 -            treatments......................... 990625, ref SDS 24 5740
140748 -             ..
140749 -        f.  Sharing written communications
140750 -            builds better doctor patient partnership
140751 -            through shared memory that avoids
140752 -            mistakes........................... 990625, ref SDS 24 TD6Q
140754 -             ..
140755 -        g.  Ping pong follow up provides feedback
140756 -            loops that verify accuracy to avoid
140757 -            the high cost of medical
140758 -            mistakes........................... 990625, ref SDS 24 3960
140760 -         ..
140761 -        Poor communication due to limited time is the highest risk in
140762 -        enterprise, reviewed on 951212. ref SDS 5 4433  On 990625
140763 -        Doctor Sylvia Connolly reported doctors do not have enough time
140764 -        to perform Kaiser requirements to verify accurate
140765 -        communication, so patients can help fill the gap. ref SDS 24
140766 -        1978
140768 -         ..
140769 -        Hectic schedules make people pressed for time; writing things
140770 -        down seems like unnecessary overkill.  Therefore, feedback to
140771 -        verify accuracy is essential because mere silence may mean
140772 -        information was lost, misdirected, misunderstood, forgotten,
140773 -        ignored, applied incorrectly, personnel changed who feel
140774 -        uncomfortable requesting assistance to solve complex problems,
140775 -        people fear accountability and seek safety through deniability
140776 -        by avoiding written records, etc.  There are many reasons
140777 -        feedback might not occur other than that concurrence makes
140778 -        response seem unnecessary.
140780 -           ..
140781 -          [On 990924 developed analysis that communication is biggest
140782 -          risk in communication. ref SDS 42 5576]
140784 -           ..
140785 -          [On 991216 Tom Driscoll at Kaiser feels analysis on 990924
140786 -          citing reports that communication is major risk, is only
140787 -          opinion. ref SDS 51 3808
140789 -           ..
140790 -          [On 991221 study finds that doctors do not communicate
140791 -          adequately with patients 90% of the time. ref SDS 52 0001
140793 -           ..
140794 -          [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings with
140795 -          patients are scheduled every 15 minutes, so there is not
140796 -          enough time to verify accuacy of communication. ref SDS 54
140797 -          0788
140799 -           ..
140800 -          [On 010514 miscommunication on major surgery. ref SDS 56 U882
140802 -           ..
140803 -          [On 041019 Stanford Cancer Center checks the record to verify
140804 -          accuracy of patient history. ref SDS 63 OW88
140806 -           ..
140807 -          [On 050311 doctors have difficulty with communication and
140808 -          collaboration among themselves preparing timely reports,
140809 -          distribution, review, and feedback. ref SDS 66 PB8N
140811 -           ..
140812 -          [On 050824 Advice Nurse being persistant reminding the
140813 -          surgeon to implement requirements in Kaiser's Healthwise
140814 -          Handbook following up patient calls to collaborate and
140815 -          coordinate via email on accuracy of communication and patient
140816 -          medical history. ref SDS 69 4M7N
140818 -           ..
140819 -          [On 051103 study shows 34% of patients report experiencing
140820 -          medical mistakes due to communication gap. ref SDS 70 ET68
140822 -           ..
140823 -          [On 060428 doctors limited time prevents reading findings to
140824 -          correlate clinically that discovers trends for proactive
140825 -          management; there is only enough time to read summaries on
140826 -          the gist of findings. ref SDS 71 VG5L
140828 -           ..
140829 -          [On 080911 article Why Doctors Make Mistakes explains
140830 -          problems of busy doctors overwhelmed by hectic schedule rely
140831 -          on personal memory and conversation, do not have time for
140832 -          analysis to review patient history. ref SDS 82 U17Q
140834 -         ..
140835 -        Medical communication is comparable in complexity to aviation,
140836 -        which has reduced the rate of errors significantly, while
140837 -        medical mistakes remain unchanged. ref OF 6 2312
140838 -
140839 -          [On 990924 medical practice makes less mistakes than other
140840 -          professions, ref DIP 2 0001, but communication biggest risk
140841 -          of error in all professions, ref DIP 3 0001, developed on
140842 -          991028. ref SDS 48 0001]
140844 -           ..
140845 -          [On 040419 simple communication mistakes occur inadvertently,
140846 -          ref SDS 59 XU83, due to limited time, complexity, and in some
140847 -          cases routine, repetitive tasks, where span of attention
140848 -          wanders slightly. ref SDS 59 HH5G
140850 -         ..
140851 -        Deming is cited as comparing medical care with aviation.
140852 -        ref OF 4 1247
140853 -
140854 -            Aviation uses "feedback" to verify communication with the
140855 -            tower when flying a plane, as reported on 971229.
140856 -            ref SDS 13 2914  Communication Metrics applies feedback to
140857 -            add "intelligence" to management. ref OF 7 0582  Pilots
140858 -            don't use feedback on the ground, and neither do mechanics
140859 -            to maintain the plane, nor executives to manage the pilots
140860 -            and other elements in avaiation, because executives,
140861 -            pilots, doctors, nobody likes feedback. ref SDS 13 3778
140863 -             ..
140864 -            Aviation has economies of scale that are missing from
140865 -            medical practice.  A bunch of experts can afford to work
140866 -            carefully on an airplane, because that one plane flys a lot
140867 -            of people for a long time whose ticket price generates
140868 -            revenue to pay for shoes, housing, TV, food and other stuff
140869 -            for the maintenance crew.  The lead mechanic carefully
140870 -            reviewes the plane log and reports by pilots on inflight
140871 -            problems.  Airplane history is reviewed to see what was
140872 -            fixed previously and frequency of failure for clues about
140873 -            where to focus attention during service.
140875 -             ..
140876 -            The inverse is the case if the plane crashes, and survivors
140877 -            receive medical treatment.  Then a bunch of people work on
140878 -            a single person, whose chances of living are already pretty
140879 -            slim; then they have work on another person, and another,
140880 -            i.e., doctors typically have a lot of patients under their
140881 -            care, rather than a lot of mechanics working on one plane.
140882 -            The cost per person skyrockets, so attention per person
140883 -            goes down relative to a big airplane.  Medical history is
140884 -            not available, and if it is there isn't time for review.
140885 -            Doctors have to pull off the project and let the body heal
140886 -            itself, then later try more treatment ideas.  Aviation
140887 -            mechanics stay on the job until everything is fixed and
140888 -            tested.  Medical economics disperse expertise, rather than
140889 -            focus it, as in aviation.  There are billions of people and
140890 -            only a million or so airplanes.  Nominally medicine is
140891 -            harder to learn than airplane mechanics because the plans
140892 -            and specs for the human body, and replacement parts are not
140893 -            as readily available as in aviation.  Economies of scale,
140894 -            lack of knowledge and spare parts make medical practice
140895 -            more difficult and higher risk than in aviation.
140897 -         ..
140898 -        Car service is a better analogy to medical treatment, and both
140899 -        make about the same number of mistakes, as reported on 990507.
140900 -        ref SDS 21 0001
140901 -
140902 -        ...patient care is fragmented work due to staff changes during
140903 -        shifts, and people being added and leaving the treatment team.
140904 -        ref OF 4 1406
140905 -
140906 -
140907 -
140908 -
1410 -

SUBJECTS
Writing Illegible People Die from Poor Penmenship Spelling Communcia

1903 -
190401 -         ..
190402 -        Cost Medical Mistakes $51B Annually Risk Management Cover Up
190403 -        Medical Chart Errors Ommissions Speaking Hearing Writing
190404 -        Writing Illegible Speaking Hearing Inaccurate Medical Chart
190405 -
190406 -    3.  High cost of medical mistakes is $51B per year, ref OF 6 1184,
190407 -        largely due to common communication failures. ref OF 3 4897
190408 -
190409 -          [On 991207 federal study found medical mistakes cost $29B.
190410 -          ref SDS 50 5824
190412 -         ..
190413 -        On 990625 Kaiser's Healthwise Handbook calls for doctor/patient
190414 -        partnership to strengthen communication. ref SDS 24 4185
190415 -        Listening makes communication more effective, ref SDS 24 4752,
190416 -        aided by writing a timely record of examinations showing
190417 -        symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the medical chart,
190418 -        ref SDS 24 5740, and using a "ping pong" method of feedback
190419 -        with the patient to refine accuracy. ref SDS 24 3960
190421 -         ..
190422 -        Published guidance on 990625 explains accuracy of medical chart
190423 -        is foundation of health care. ref SDS 24 PX6H and ref SDS 24
190424 -        GT62
190426 -         ..
190427 -        Doctors report there isn't enough time to comply with
190428 -        requirements for accurate communications. ref SDS 24 1978
190429 -
190430 -            [On 020504 study shows professional standards for
190431 -            communication practices and requirements on good management
190432 -            specified in FAR, ISO, Health Care, Covey, Drucker, law,
190433 -            contract notice provisions, and 2,000 years of literacy for
190434 -            contemporaneous documentation for alignment and feedback to
190435 -            work intelligently, quickly, and accurately are ignored in
190436 -            government, business, health care, every sector.
190437 -            ref SDS 57 NS6F
190439 -             ..
190440 -            [On 050520 Kaiser introduces computers for electronic
190441 -            medical chart that improves ligibility to reduce mistakes
190442 -            treating patients. ref SDS 68 HX6J
190444 -             ..
190445 -            [On 061208 mistakes in electronic medical chart stored on
190446 -            the computer cannot be corrected because Kaiser "locks
190447 -            down" the record after the doctor meets with the patient;
190448 -            prevents feedback loops called out in Healthwise Handbook
190449 -            from correcting the medical chart. ref SDS 76 N54K
190451 -             ..
190452 -            [On 080911 article Why Doctors Make Mistakes explains
190453 -            problems of busy doctors overwhelmed by hectic schedule
190454 -            rely on personal memory and conversation, do not have time
190455 -            for analysis to review patient history. ref SDS 82 U17Q
190457 -         ..
190458 -        Importance of investing time for accuracy is increased by
190459 -        complexity of medical practice.  Different medications come in
190460 -        similar packages, have similar names.  Misspelling,
190461 -        mis-speaking, mis-hearing cause errors. ref OF 4 2754
190462 -
190463 -           One doctor wrote with exasperation in the medical chart....
190464 -
190465 -                      DO NOT KILL MR CROOKS
190467 -            ..
190468 -           Medical residents then mistakenly gave the patient insulin,
190469 -           which caused a seizure, a hypoglycemic shock. ref OF 4 2940
190471 -         ..
190472 -        Handwritting is illegible ...people die of penmanship errors.
190473 -        ref OF 4 6240
190474 -
190475 -           [On 991224 telephone game that exemplifies meaning drift,
190476 -           developed to respond to author. ref SDS 42 3955]
190477 -
190478 -           [On 991006 handwritting illegible in vehicle service
190479 -           records. ref SDS 44 2055]
190481 -            ..
190482 -           [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings
190483 -           with patients are scheduled every 15 minutes, so there is
190484 -           not enough time to verify accuracy of communication, nor to
190485 -           write clear, concise, complete records for the medical
190486 -           chart, including prescriptions. ref SDS 54 0788
190488 -            ..
190489 -           [On 040419 example hurried tired staff increases risk of
190490 -           communication mistakes in medical practice. ref SDS 59 HH5G
190492 -            ..
190493 -           [On 041014 doctor notes in the medical chart on patient
190494 -           examinations are illegible. ref SDS 61 W78K
190496 -            ..
190497 -           [On 041018 Doctor Benz at UCSF Cancer Center reports that
190498 -           handwritten notes on examinations filed in the patient's
190499 -           medical chart are often not readable and so are not reviewed
190500 -           to prepare a patient history for rendering a 2nd opinion.
190501 -           ref SDS 62 EN63
190503 -            ..
190504 -           [On 041130 written work plan submitted by doctor illigible,
190505 -           conflicts with Breast Cancer Treatment Guidelines for
190506 -           Patients on page 52. ref SDS 65 9V71
190508 -           ..
190509 -          [On 060821 Doctor Benz at UCSF relies on Kaiser's medical
190510 -          chart created with computer that produces legible doctor
190511 -          Progress Notes. ref SDS 75 TQ5I
190513 -           ..
190514 -          [On 060821 Doctor Benz at UCSF relied on Kaiser's medical
190515 -          chart because the record produced on a computer is legible;
190516 -          since the medical chart incorrectly shows the patient being
190517 -          treated with warfarin (Coumadin) for pulmonary embolism, the
190518 -          doctor does not comply with patient's request for UCSF to
190519 -          investigate symptoms of pulmoanry embolism which at that time
190520 -          were not be being treated at Kaiser. ref SDS 75 PM4N
190522 -           ..
190523 -          [On 061208 Kaiser "locks down" medical chart preventing
190524 -          doctor from correcting mistakes in progress notes on patient
190525 -          history, eliminating benefits of feedback loops from doctor
190526 -          patient partnerhsip to reduce medical mistakes. ref SDS 76
190527 -          025H
190529 -           ..
190530 -          [On 080306 example hurried handwriting that is illegible
190531 -          prescribing medication. ref SDS 79 NW5O
190533 -           ..
190534 -          [On 080403 example hurried handwriting that is illegible
190535 -          ordering Neupogen treatment. ref SDS 81 I35G
190536 -
190537 -
190538 -
190539 -
190540 -
1906 -

SUBJECTS
Default Null Subject Account for Blank Record

2003 -
200401 -         ..
200402 -        Risk Management Cover Up Cost Medical Mistakes $51B Annually
200403 -
200405 -         ..
200406 -    4.  Risk Managers are contacted after mistakes occur to limit
200407 -        liability, rather than develop procedures and training to limit
200408 -        mistakes. ref OF 5 3520
200410 -         ..
200411 -        On 951212 risk management requires processes to reduce risks so
200412 -        mistakes are avoided. ref SDS 5 4433
200413 -
200414 -           [On 991001 Lockheed and NASA perform risk management
200415 -           investigation to align communications after mistakes are
200416 -           made. ref SDS 43 0304]
200417 -
200419 -         ..
200420 -    5.  Pressures from long hours, being tired, hungry, bored, anxious,
200421 -        frightened, and under scrutiny by superiors, all increase
200422 -        mistakes. ref OF 4 4514
200423 -
200424 -           [On 991006 example at Kaiser. ref SDS 45 3596]
200425 -
200426 -           [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings
200427 -           with patients are scheduled every 15 minutes, so there is
200428 -           not enough time to verify accuate communication. ref SDS 54
200429 -           0788
200431 -            ..
200432 -           [On 041012 medical management exasperating because staff
200433 -           fail to invest time for organizing the record, causing
200434 -           mistakes, delay and cost escalation. ref SDS 60 NV49
200436 -         ..
200437 -    6.  Hurrying causes mistakes, not enough time to succeed.
200438 -        ref OF 4 4514
200440 -         ..
200441 -        This is a dimension of information density that overwhelms
200442 -        limited span of attention; curiously information overload is
200443 -        not mentioned, however, in the articles.
200444 -
200445 -           [On 990924 cite information overload as cause of mistakes.
200446 -           ref SDS 42 3955]
200448 -            ..
200449 -           [On 040419 medical mistakes flow from simple communication
200450 -           deviations from objectives, requirements, and commitments
200451 -           which go unnoticed and uncorrected, ref SDS 59 XU83, due to
200452 -           limited time, complexity, and in some cases routine,
200453 -           repetitive tasks, where span of attention wanders slightly.
200454 -           ref SDS 59 HH5G
200456 -            ..
200457 -           [On 040419 example hurried, tired staff increases risk of
200458 -           communication mistakes in medical practice. ref SDS 59 HH5G
200460 -            ..
200461 -           [On 060428 doctors limited time prevents reading medical
200462 -           test findings to correlate clinically that discovers
200463 -           symptomatic trends for proactive management; there is only
200464 -           enough time to read summaries on the gist of findings.
200465 -           ref SDS 71 VG5L
200467 -         ..
200468 -        Not having enough time to perform communication tasks,
200469 -        including review medical history, is not mentioned in the
200470 -        article, but was reported at Kaiser on 990625. ref SDS 24 0889
200471 -
200472 -           [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings
200473 -           with patients are scheduled every 15 minutes, so there is
200474 -           not enough time to verify accuate communication. ref SDS 54
200475 -           0788
200477 -            ..
200478 -           [On 070119 Kaiser did not have enough time to verify the
200479 -           complete blood test report was submitted to UCSF required to
200480 -           begin treatment for cancer on clinical study. ref SDS 77
200481 -           M56N
200483 -            ..
200484 -           [On 070330 hectic schedule, fatigue, not enough time check
200485 -           record doctor prescribes treatment should defer to referral
200486 -           team for control of clinical study. ref SDS 78 S76N
200488 -            ..
200489 -           [On 080911 article Why Doctors Make Mistakes explains
200490 -           problems of busy doctors overwhelmed by hectic schedule rely
200491 -           on personal memory and conversation, do not have time for
200492 -           analysis to review patient history. ref SDS 82 U17Q
200494 -         ..
200495 -    7.  Culture of denial is biggest cause of errors...
200496 -
200497 -        The American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and
200498 -        Judicial Affairs requires doctors to disclose errors to
200499 -        patients; but, this is routinely not followed, because doctors
200500 -        feel their competence is challenged, ref OF 5 9388, which
200501 -        puts at risk their livilhood.
200502 -
200503 -           [On 990924 letter explains worry that steps to improve the
200504 -           work causes challenges about competence. ref SDS 42 3966]
200506 -            ..
200507 -           [On 991101 personal competence of doctors prevents improving
200508 -           medical practice. ref SDS 49 2562
200510 -         ..
200511 -        Denial is cited in a follow up article published on 990915.
200512 -        ref OF 4 1862
200513 -
200514 -           On 971017 engineers feel their competence is challenged by
200515 -           using Communication Metrics to improve management.
200516 -           ref SDS 9 4814
200518 -            ..
200519 -           On 980307 Andy Grove, CEO of Intel, says in his book that
200520 -           inertia of success causes denial that prevents improvement.
200521 -           ref SDS 14 3740 and ref SDS 14 2044
200523 -            ..
200524 -           On 980405 accountability fosters culture of denial that
200525 -           slows improving management. ref SDS 17 5065
200527 -            ..
200528 -           On 990505 "attitude" needs to change before improving
200529 -           communication. ref SDS 20 4732
200531 -            ..
200532 -           On 990527 strong cultural forces prevent better management.
200533 -           ref SDS 22 1233
200534 -
200535 -              [On 990924 letter explains "culture" and "attitude"
200536 -              solved by leadership. ref SDS 42 3966]
200537 -
200538 -              [On 020504 study shows professional standards for
200539 -              communication practices and requirements on good
200540 -              management specified in FAR, ISO, Health Care, Covey,
200541 -              Drucker, law, contract notice provisions, and 2,000 years
200542 -              of literacy for contemporaneous documentation for
200543 -              alignment and feedback to work intelligently, quickly,
200544 -              and accurately are ignored in government, business,
200545 -              health care, every sector. ref SDS 57 NS6F
200547 -         ..
200548 -        Medical mistakes can be reduced by changing the culture.
200549 -        ref OF 4 4088
200551 -         ..
200552 -        Feedback is discouraged by fear of retribution, ref OF 4 1862,
200553 -        reflecting analysis in NWO... paper. ref OF 8 2670
200555 -         ..
200556 -        Asking for help is discouraged.
200558 -         ..
200559 -        Challenging supervisors, a form of "feedback," is discouraged
200560 -        by fear of retribution.
200562 -         ..
200563 -        Accountability discourages accurate communication about lack of
200564 -        alignment, commonly called mistakes, ref OF 6 5162, reflecting
200565 -        review on 980405. ref SDS 17 5065
200566 -
200567 -            On 971202 accountability is "stressed" in the U.S. Army
200568 -            Corps of Engineers policy. ref SDS 12 7453
200570 -             ..
200571 -            On 980403 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers executive disclosed
200572 -            that managers actually fear accountability. ref SDS 16 6581
200574 -         ..
200575 -        Most mistakes are due to oversight and negligence, rather than
200576 -        incompetence. ref OF 6 0859
200578 -  ..
200579 - More mistakes, however, occur in law, engineering, energy, insurance,
200580 - journalism, agriculture, government, education, indeed, every sector
200581 - of the business community suffers from information overload that
200582 - overwhelms human span of attention, reported on 970829, ref SDS 7
200583 - 4181, which causes small deviations from requirements that go
200584 - unnoticed, due to lack of feedback loops, until mistake occurs, as
200585 - explained in the NWO... paper. ref OF 8 6056
200586 -
200587 -            [On 051103 study shows 34% of patients report experiencing
200588 -            medical mistakes. ref SDS 70 ET68
200590 -  ..
200591 - Report published by USACE calculates extra cost caused by rework to
200592 - correct management mistakes, ref DRP 2 4680, received on 971008.
200593 - ref SDS 8 1273
200594 -
200595 -     An example on 990910, Kaiser failed to submit xrays for an
200596 -     examination, ref SDS 40 3038; then switched medical ID cards, and
200597 -     prepared a work order to take xrays for a different patient.
200598 -     ref SDS 40 6305  The xray technician got mad, and that caused the
200599 -     medical assistant, who prepared the work order, to make further
200600 -     mistakes.  I wound up with another patient's ID card, which caused
200601 -     that person delay and frustration.
200603 -      ..
200604 -     On 991106 Steve nearly died due to incorrect treatment, because
200605 -     his doctor failed to treat post-surgery complications when
200606 -     requested by the patient. ref SDS 10 4980
200608 -      ..
200609 -     On 990603 cost of mistakes in auto service was reivewed.
200610 -     ref SDS 23 0001
200612 -      ..
200613 -     On 981027 cost of mistakes in construction was reviewed.
200614 -     ref SDS 18 9152
200616 -      ..
200617 -     Mistakes take root and grow in every industry, reported on 950327.
200618 -     ref SDS 4 0200
200620 -  ..
200621 - Mistakes are compounded by new realities of technology that cause
200622 - limited time due to information overload, reviewed on 980307 from Andy
200623 - Grove's book, ref SDS 15 3151, and the NWO... paper. ref OF 8 6056
200625 -  ..
200626 - The report today shows that patients need to confirm communications,
200627 - as recommended in an article on 990719 that reports mistakes are
200628 - caused by errors in medical records. ref SDS 33 0846 and ref SDS 33
200629 - 4599
200630 -
200631 -     [On 000207 doctors are pressed for time because meetings with
200632 -     patients are scheduled every 15 minutes, so there is not enough
200633 -     time to verify accuate communication. ref SDS 54 0788
200635 -  ..
200636 - Medical work needs controls to reduce mistakes. ref OF 3 0627  On
200637 - 971008 US Army Corps of Engineers published report that Com Metrics
200638 - reduces mistakes that cause rework. ref DRP 2 4680
200640 -  ..
200641 - On 990527 cultural resistance to improving management was cited,
200642 - ref SDS 22 1233, reflecting perspective on 961222. ref SDS 6 0866  On
200643 - 990505 need to change attitudes was explained, ref SDS 20 4732, later
200644 - supported on 990910. ref SDS 40 9130
200646 -  ..
200647 - On 990628 sent letter to Morris, others on benefits of Communication
200648 - Metrics for personal medical support. ref SDS 25 0001
200650 -  ..
200651 - On 940728 Doctor Kory Zipperstein reported SDS record of medcial
200652 - history improves conventional medical practice. ref SDS 3 0001
200654 -  ..
200655 - On 990625 the idea of Common Administration using the Kaiser "Patient
200656 - Assistance" role was set out. ref SDS 24 0899  Every industry has work
200657 - practice standards that call for effective communication, but these
200658 - are not used because of limited time. ref SDS 24 4928,
200660 -  ..
200661 - Andy Grove at Intel recognized that one form of effective feedback
200662 - loop in communication is taking copious notes, because the process of
200663 - writing out understandings reveals gaps in understanding that avoid
200664 - ambiguity of mental maps, as reviewed on 980307. ref SDS 15 3668
200666 -  ..
200667 - Disrupting existing "feel good" management practice that causes
200668 - continual mistakes and bumbling, reviewed on 911123, ref SDS 1 1331,
200669 - by adding a business metric to communication in order to avoid
200670 - mistakes, is a "disruptive technology" that is resisted by strong
200671 - cultural forces cited on 990527, ref SDS 22 1233, as seen from the
200672 - record on 990910 visiting Kaiser Medical. ref SDS 40 9130
200673 -
200674 -     [Later today discussed disruptive technology with Morris.
200675 -     ref SDS 41 0270]
200676 -
200677 -
200678 -
200679 -
200680 -
200681 -
200682 -
200683 -
200684 -
200685 -
2007 -
Distribution. . . . See "CONTACTS"