CONTACTS 

SUBJECTS
Catagorization, Subjects
Vocabulary Learning Rates
Pre-literate Language Growth
Genetic Knowledge; Pinker
SDS Subject Indexing Procedures, Key Words
Catagorization
Subjects Too Many Overwhelm Span of
Key Word Catagorization
Keyword Retrieval

1311 -
1311 -    ..
1312 - Summary/Objective
1313 -
131301 - Follow up ref SDS 19 8566.
131302 -
131303 - Pre-school children learn words at the rate of 7 - 10 words per day,
131304 - ref OF 6 line 312, ref OF 6 line 1031, ref OF 6 line 1076.
131306 -  ..
131307 - The capacity of pre-literate children to acquire vocabulary points to
131308 - innate genetic strictures on the structure of relations among concept
131309 - classes to associate words (sounds) with objects and differentiate
131310 - words based observable differences in the associated objects,
131311 - ref OF 6 line 326.
131313 -  ..
131314 - Modern theories of knowledge acquisition suppose the existence of
131315 - genetic constraints that facilitate induction. ref OF 6 line 338
131317 -  ..
131318 - Pinker proposes 15 different genetic constraints. ref OF 6 line 375.
131319 -        ..
131320 -        It is not clear if this is to be construed as reflecting
131321 -        the idea that humans are born with some "knowledge" per
131322 -        Newsweek article at ref SDS 14 line 77.
131324 -      ..
131325 -     Landauer and Damias feel the prospect of evolution creating such
131326 -     constraints is remote, which seems to support their idea of
131327 -     "derived" constraints based on a process or method of induction,
131328 -     per below.
131330 -      ..
131331 -     It is not clear why, if the brain is complex, its processes cannot
131332 -     also be complex.  Hands, elbows work one way, feet, knees work
131333 -     similarly but differently for different functions.  Eyes are
131334 -     different from nose, and from the rib cage.  So the prospect that
131335 -     different mental processes (constraints) could have evolved as
131336 -     innate structures, is not terribly unattractive, implausible.
131338 -  ..
131339 - Children may assume for example in learning language that there is a
131340 - different word for a different object, ref OF 6 line 363.
131341 -
131343 -  ..
131344 - Derived Constraints from Core Genetic Based Method
131345 -
131346 - Landauer and Damias consider the idea that there may a single or very
131347 - few natural constraints, proposed by Shepard, that evolve in the brain
131348 - into complex forms or sets of derived constraints based on human
131349 - experience, i.e., we grow our knowledge of constraints on interpreting
131350 - language which in turn supports interperting conduct and the larger
131351 - world.  ref OF 6 line 382.
131352 -
131353 -    This reflects current thinking that mental capacity is a
131354 -    combination of nature and nurture, such that the environment can
131355 -    enhance natural talents, per Newsweek article ref SDS 14 line 79.
131356 -
131357 -
131358 -
131359 -
131360 -
1314 -

SUBJECTS
Retrieval Methods/Rules
Artificial Intelligence Information Management (IT)
Reports, Details Linked to Summary
Retrieval; Automation, Implementing, 930119
Controlled Visibility Subjects, Automated MBO Organic Subject Structure
Categories Classification Organization Based on Objectives
Objectives Provide Methodology of Organic Structure
Keyword Retrieval Different from Organic Subject Structures Subject I

3510 -
351101 -  ..
351102 - Keyword Retrieval Subject Identification Classification Categories
351103 -
351104 - Follow up ref SDS 19 8566.
351105 -
351106 - Review of Landauer's paper yesterday about how the mind categorizes
351107 - things shows the enormous challenge of information retrieval using
351108 - keyword methods, ref SDS 19 8566, and cites research on 910418 showing
351109 - that managing subjects is a very complex task. ref SDS 4 5584  On
351110 - 891117 problems with keyword retrieval occurred on project to review
351111 - claims on Santa Clara Jail project. ref SDS 2 0005
351113 -  ..
351114 - Adults recognize there can be many different words for the same
351115 - object, ref OF 6 04FT, reflecting analysis on 960324 in the record,
351116 - ref SDS 19 8566, and earlier on 890523. ref SDS 1 SQ5L
351117 -
351118 -         [On 960415 see example. ref SDS 20 5922]
351120 -      ..
351121 -     Adults also recognize that putting several words together creates
351122 -     more uniqueness, i.e., simply expand the pattern.  This reflects
351123 -     the process of expanding root words with more syllables, and again
351124 -     seems to reflect the organic structure of the brain that is
351125 -     applied in the SDS for managing subjects explained on 890523.
351126 -     ref SDS 1 SQ5L
351127 -
351128 -         [On 960406 example of adults having trouble on the job finding
351129 -         information on a computer. ref SDS 20 5922  Keyword methods
351130 -         have not been effective. ref SDS 20 0253
351132 -          ..
351133 -         [On 990526 SDS organic structues more effective than keywords
351134 -         for information retrieval. ref SDS 31 0977
351136 -          ..
351137 -         [On 990329 Steve Pinker's book "How the Mind Works" explains
351138 -         the number of alternate ways to say the same thing is very
351139 -         large which makes key words problematic as an organizing
351140 -         methodology for finding things. ref SDS 30 GP2S
351142 -      ..
351143 -     The childish brain may make simple assumptions of differentiation.
351144 -     Experience in the world gives the brain wider patterns to match.
351145 -     The authors (Landauer and Damias) consider this idea on page 10.
351146 -     ref OF 6 03BN
351147 -
351149 -  ..
351150 - Information Retrieval
351151 -
351152 - Methods to improve information retrieval using LSA mathematical
351153 - modeling steps are described on page 19. ref OF 6 07VE
351154 -
351155 -    I don't understand the matrix processing described in the paper.
351156 -    ref OF 6 08QG
351158 -     ..
351159 -    We need an example to illustrate the explanation on page 20.
351160 -    ref OF 6 08SF
351162 -  ..
351163 - Retrieval is treated in SDS primarily as part of Subject Indexing and
351164 - somewhat through reports, per work on 930326. ref SDS 5 3345  Typical
351165 - SDS challenge is explained on 940824, at ref SDS 8 1411; more recent
351166 - work is on 950626, ref SDS 11 2772, discussed with Hank Hatch on
351167 - 960410. ref SDS 22 0400
351168 -
351169 -         [On 990526 SDS organic structues more effective than keywords
351170 -         for information retrieval. ref SDS 31 0977
351172 -  ..
351173 - I wonder if this method was explained in Landauer's book "The Trouble
351174 - with Computers" per review on 950710. ref SDS 12 0003.  The book does
351175 - say that "spatial filing" using icons was found by testing not to be
351176 - effective method of retrieval, ref SDS 12 1773, which seems to
351177 - conflict with Intel's ideas for applying computers to support
351178 - management reported on 960507, ref SDS 23 1111, and on 960509.
351179 - ref SDS 24 3502
351180 -
351181 -
351182 -
351183 -
351184 -
351185 -
3512 -

SUBJECTS
Knowledge v. Information
Induction Bridges Gap between Information
Convert Information into Knowledge
Process Information, Knowledge
Information, Convert into Knowledge
Continual Learning
Communication Metrics
Distinct from Data, Information, Wisdom

4410 -
441101 -  ..
441102 - Convert Information into Knowledge
441103 -
441104 - Follow up ref SDS 19 8566.
441105 -
441106 - The paper specifically describes converting information into
441107 - knowledge, ref OF 6 08QG, which is analysed at ref SDS 25 0881.
441108 - ref SDS 25 0550.
441110 -  ..
441111 - Equally important, the paper recognizes the role of "experience" in
441112 - the knowledge process. ref OF 6 7331 and ref OF 6 13EW
441114 -  ..
441115 - This seems to correct initial impression that converting information
441116 - into knowledge is not discussed, reported in the record on 960229.
441117 - ref SDS 15 0980
441118 -
441119 -      [On 960518 support for Welch "Management Cycle." ref SDS 25 8811]
441121 -  ..
441122 - It supports the idea in the NWO paper at ref OF 4 line 514, and the
441123 - explanation of Communication Metrics on 950327, ref SDS 10 3279 and
441124 - ref SDS 10 8008.  Landauer's paper seems to reflects the scenario in
441125 - the POIMS paper at ref OF 3 line 200.
441127 -      ..
441128 -     Seems to support analysis of Drucker's work that distinguishes
441129 -     getting more information from achieving effective communication,
441130 -     on 931130, ref SDS 6 5567; and, the analysis of Kerzner lecture on
441131 -     950202. ref SDS 9 8446
441133 -      ..
441134 -     May relate to the explanation of "Turning Water into Wine" in Time
441135 -     magazine reviewed on 960409. ref SDS 21 7211
441137 -  ..
441138 - Communication Metrics says the process of making the conversion is the
441139 - Welch Management Method:  plan, perform, report, that results in a
441140 - continuous stream of case studies, explained in more detail on 950830.
441141 - ref SDS 13 0096
441143 -  ..
441144 - "Knowledge" seems to be described as a process again at ref OF 6 line
441145 - 778, possibly by combining and condensing "local information."
441147 -  ..
441148 - Knowledge is described as a process of creating connections
441149 - using existing units of memory to create new ones, ref OF 6 line 1773.
441150 -
441151 -
441152 -
4412 -

SUBJECTS
Dimension Matching
Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)
Examples showing Induction is Occurring
Errors of Induction, Measuring Understanding
Errors, cause, Drifting Off Course, Complexity

5207 -
520801 -  ..
520802 - Dimension Matching Uses Triangulation to Measure Accuracy of Knowledge
520803 -
520804 - Follow up work at ref SDS 19 8599.
520805 -
520806 - The authors explain a process of mental metrics that use dimension
520807 - matching, ref OF 6 05E2, to make connections based on triangulation
520808 - ref OF 6 6020, that converts information into knowledge, per above,
520809 - ref SDS 0 5689, using statistical weights roughly described as
520810 - guessing to determine the best fit, per analysis on 960324.
520811 - ref SDS 19 0083
520813 -  ..
520814 - The process is summarized near the end of the paper. ref OF 6 5063,
520815 -
520816 -    This may be the "processing" that Jeromy Campbell says occurs in
520817 -    the subconscious mind, in his book "The Improbable Machine"
520818 -    reviewed on 900303. ref SDS 3 0405
520819 -
520820 -       [On 960518 authors define "meaning space." ref SDS 25 4939]
520822 -        ..
520823 -       [On 960809 more research on "meaning space." ref SDS 26 7860]
520825 -  ..
520826 - Complexity, Induction and Guessing
520827 - Hilly Terrain Causes Errors of Induction
520828 -
520829 - The reason for error from induction using dimension matching is
520830 - explained by example of estimating distances over hilly terrain, see
520831 - ref OF 6 6020, and ref OF 6 7388, and noting the correct choice of
520832 - dimensionality is important to success.  Too few or too many factors
520833 - skews results.  This seems like a way of describing "complexity."
520834 - ref OF 6 8444
520836 -        ..
520837 -       This causes understanding to "drift off course," creating a need
520838 -       for communication "metrics" to maintain alignment.
520840 -        ..
520841 -       Dimension matching that adjusts "meaning" as a function of
520842 -       additional input is inherently prone to error --
520843 -
520844 -          [On 960518 authors define "meaning drift" ref SDS 25 3734]
520845 -
520846 -
520848 -  ..
520849 - Dimension matching in LSA, discussed initially in the record on 960321
520850 - ref SDS 17 5873, and further on 960324, ref SDS 19 8599, is applied to
520851 - "learning" the meaning of words as "semantic" construction at
520852 - ref OF 6 2774, as follows...
520853 -
520854 -        Let us now construe the semantic similarity between two words
520855 -        as a distance: the closer the distance the greater the
520856 -        similarity. Suppose we also assume that the likelihood of two
520857 -        words appearing in the same window of discourse-a phrase, a
520858 -        sentence, a paragraph, or what have you-is inversely
520859 -        proportional to their semantic distance, that is directly
520860 -        proportional to their semantic similarity. We can then estimate
520861 -        the relative similarity of any pair of words by observing the
520862 -        relative frequency of their joint occurrence in such windows.
520864 -    ..
520865 -   This seems essentially to be "guessing" per the record on 960324.
520866 -   ref SDS 19 0083.]
520867 -
520868 -   ...I am not sure what "semantic similarity" means.  Semantic seems
520869 -   to be another word for "meaning", so this seems to be saying we can
520870 -   judge two words to have the same meaning if they occur in the same
520871 -   sentence or paragraph, i.e., window of discourse.  It would be
520872 -   helpful to get an example.
520873 -
520874 -   ...I do not grasp the notion that two words being near in proximity
520875 -   warrants a conclusion of similar meaning.  Off-hand, that is not the
520876 -   ordinary experience.  We do encounter words positioned similarly
520877 -   relative to other words in different sentences/paragraphs, and can
520878 -   guess they have similar meanings.
520880 -  ..
520881 - LSA assumptions about the meaning of two words based on co-occurrance
520882 - in small subsamples of language, are at ref OF 6 6111.
520884 -  ..
520885 - The mathematics is discussed in the record on 960321. ref SDS 17 3830
520887 -  ..
520888 - Need for large bodies of text is at ref OF 6 7471 and ref OF 6 5063
520889 -
520890 -
520891 -
5209 -

SUBJECTS
Time Impact on Learning/Knowledge
Fragility of Knowledge, Fades
Maintain Shared Meaning/Knowledge
Information Flows Too Fast
Truth is a Moving Target
1 Minute Align Understanding from
Not Enough Time to Succeed
Information Highway Causes Misktakes, Lack

6710 -
671101 -  ..
671102 - Time Impact on Knowledge Conversion
671103 -
671104 - Follow up ref SDS 17 1234.
671105 -
671106 - Time seems to be factored into the model as a constraint on holding
671107 - awareness of information to dimension match against, ref OF 6 7388,
671108 - and so seems to address concerns in analysis of the paper on 960321.
671109 - ref SDS 17 0076
671110 -
671111 -     [On 960518 review author's explanation about the role of
671112 -     experience (time) in acquiring knowledge. ref SDS 25 8811]
671114 -      ..
671115 -     [On 970707 U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology paper reports
671116 -     study information entropy occurs over time that increases project
671117 -     cost and completion time growth, ref SDS 27 0108.]
671119 -      ..
671120 -     [On 970811 article in "Science" on role of "time" in human memory,
671121 -     ref SDS 28 8899.]
671123 -      ..
671124 -     [On 970829 text book on management describing limited span of
671125 -     attention. ref SDS 29 7721]
671127 -  ..
671128 - One aspect of the time factor is to consider the effect of reading
671129 - text as a continuous stream, rather than blocks as occurs on a page.
671130 - The mind can review to reinforce understanding of a page, but if the
671131 - text comes and goes on a long, continuous line, this would be much
671132 - more difficult.  That is why speech can wander off course and people
671133 - can make incorrect assumptions.
671135 -  ..
671136 - Explanation of creating new knowledge by using existing knowledge, per
671137 - ref OF 6 line 1760, may reflect the time/information correlation in
671138 - POIMS of the management cycle of plan, perform, report, also called
671139 - investing intellectual capital.
671141 -  ..
671142 - Time is further considered at ref OF 6 line 1827:
671143 -
671144 -     But because each node will tend to reactivate ones similar
671145 -     to it, and node vectors of longer durations will come to represent
671146 -     more related components, local hierarchies and partial orders will
671147 -     be statistically common. One aspect of this hypothetical process
671148 -     is a mechanism for the creation of unitary "chunks," vectors
671149 -     representing associations and meanings of arbitrarily large scope
671150 -     and content, the unitization process to which we referred above.
671152 -    ..
671153 -   It has not been apparent to me that vectors represented "durations"
671154 -   which suggests the factor of time, rather my sense has been that
671155 -   "vectors" represent the similarity of usage based on positioning of
671156 -   words relative to other words.
671157 -
671158 -
671159 -
671160 -
6712 -

SUBJECTS
Human Memory, Brain
Brain, Biology
Chunks of Memory

7105 -
710601 -  ..
710602 - Brain & Nurobiology
710603 -
710604 - Explanation of how various parts of the brain's biology might
710605 - accomplish the matrix analysis of LSA set out at ref SDS 17 line 511,
710606 - is explained at ref OF 6 line 913.
710607 -
710608 -     [On 970811 article in "Science" on role of "time" in human memory,
710609 -     ref SDS 28 8899]
710611 -  ..
710612 - Reference to how a "real brain" functions is at ref OF 6 line 1760.
710613 -
710614 -     [On 960518 the mind "grows" knowledge. ref SDS 25 0550]
710616 -  ..
710617 - Suppose the naive mind (brain) constantly generates new temporal
710618 - context vectors to record passing episodes of experience. We may think
710619 - of such vectors as akin to new nodes in a semantic or neural network,
710620 - in that they represent their input and output as weights on a set of
710621 - elements or connections, ref OF 6 line 1774
710623 -       ..
710624 -      Seems to support notion that brain makes connections in a
710625 -      knowledge space comnprised of the vectors.
710626 -
710627 -
710628 -
710630 -  ..
710631 - Chunking Accomplished by Power of Mind's Parallel Processing
710632 -
710633 - Authors explain the mind organizes blocks of data or information the
710634 - brain store and/or associates as related "chunks." ref OF 6 6839 and
710635 - ref OF 6 2NC6
710637 -  ..
710638 - Brain's billions of parallel computational elements instantly resolve
710639 - word usage ambiguity based on context. ref OF 6 24AB
710640 -
710641 -      Aligns with Campbell's book that describes parallel processing
710642 -      occurs in the subconscious, while the conscious span of attention
710643 -      generally operates sequentially to fit the model of real world
710644 -      experience in doing one thing at a time. ref SDS 3 0405
710645 -
710646 -
710647 -
710648 -
710649 -
710650 -
710651 -
710652 -
710653 -
710654 -
7107 -