Click here to comment!
1...This suggests a possible role for SDS data base as a test
CONTACTS
SUBJECTS
PMI Event, Planning, Jul, Speakers, Landauer, Tom
Cognitive Science, Sources, Plato's Problem, Landauer
Abstract, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)
0605 -
0605 - ..
0606 - Summary/Objective
0607 -
060701 - Follow up ref SDS 29 0000, ref SDS 27 0980.
060702 -
060703 - Will try analysing the paper based on main sections.
060704 -
060705 -
060707 - ..
0608 -
0609 -
0610 - Abstract
0611 -
061101 - LSA Induction Theory, Acquisition of Knowledge
061102 -
061103 - The title summarizes the paper's presentation of a mathematical model,
061104 - for knowledge acquisition using a method called...
061106 - ..
061107 - Latent Semantic Analysis
061108 -
061109 - ...described as: "acquired similarity, generalization and knowledge
061110 - representation..." as shown in the abstract. ref OF 6 0002
061112 - ..
061113 - Understanding human cognition, commonly called "knowledge," is
061114 - expressed in popular liturature, e.g., Agatha Christie. ref OF 6 00HG
061116 - ..
061117 - The authors say school children increase their comprehension
061118 - vocabularies more rapidly than they learn the words in the text they
061119 - read. ref OF 6 17QV
061121 - ..
061122 - Conclusions from LSA model testing, ref OF 6 20S2, show...
061123 -
061124 - There is enough information in the language people routinely
061125 - encounter to acquire the knowledge exhibited on multiple-choice
061126 - vocabulary tests. ref OF 6 17PV
061127 -
061128 - If the human induction system equals LSA in its efficiency of
061129 - extracting word similarity relations from text and has a moderately
061130 - better system for input parsing, the human induction system can do
061131 - the otherwise apparently mysterious learning that it does of the
061132 - same relations without recourse to language-specific innate
061133 - knowledge. ref OF 6 YN5H
061135 - ..
061136 - Because of its inductive properties, the rate at which LSA acquires
061137 - this knowledge from text is much greater than the rate at which it
061138 - gains knowledge of the particular words present in text to which it
061139 - is exposed, just as is the case for school children when reading.
061140 - ref OF 6 17QV
061142 - ..
061143 - [On 960518 connected text forms "context" that bounds formation
061144 - of meaning. ref SDS 36 3374
061145 -
061146 -
061147 -
061148 -
0612 -
SUBJECTS
Vocabulary Learning Rates
7th Graders Learn by Reading
Genetic Knowledge
Background of Induction Question
Induction (multiplies learning)
1107 -
110801 - ..
110802 - "Plato's Problem" LSA Solution
110803 - ------------------------------
110804 - How do people "know" more than the information they encounter?
110805 - ref OF 6 0002, ref OF 6 3019
110807 - ..
110808 - An example is in learning vocabulary using inducation from a textual
110809 - context, e.g., reading. ref OF 6 4961, ref OF 6 5296
110810 -
110811 - [On 960518 application in Communication Metrics "truth" is a
110812 - moving target, ref SDS 34 0H79
110814 - ..
110815 - Examples of general cognition capacities. ref OF 6 0268
110816 -
110818 - ..
110819 - Evidence: Children learn 10 - 15 words per day; Not 3
110820 -
110821 - Typical 7th grader learns 10 - 15 words per day by reading, ref OF 6
110822 - 0002, ref OF 6 line 1031, ref OF 6 line 1076.
110823 -
110824 - • Most English words are used only in print, ref OF 6 line 60.
110826 - ..
110827 - • 7th graders know most of the commonly spoken words, so there
110828 - is not an opportunity to increase word knowledge through
110829 - conversation and listening, ref OF 6 line 61.
110831 - ..
110832 - • Direct instruction teaches less than 1 word per day,
110833 - ref OF 6 line 62.
110834 - ..
110835 - • Vocabulary tests show that reading results in about 1
110836 - word for every 20 paragraphs to go from wrong to right,
110837 - ref OF 6 line 63.
110839 - ..
110840 - This seems to reflect the value of context.
110842 - ..
110843 - • 7th graders read about 50 paragraphs per day, ref OF 6 line
110844 - 65.
110846 - ..
110847 - Therefore, 7th graders should learn about 3 new words per day,
110848 - but actually seem to learn 10 to 15 new words, ref OF 6 line 67.
110849 - The evidence seems to show children master the meaning of many
110850 - words not encountered in in speech, listening or reading.
110852 - ..
110853 - Why?
110855 - ..
110856 - Historical figures examining the problem are at ref OF 6 line 178.
110857 -
110858 -
110859 -
110860 -
1109 -
SUBJECTS
Genetic Knowledge
Shephard's Law
Grammar Capacity, Chomsky
Chomsky Grammar Innate Genetic Mental Capacity Reviewed with Landaue
Acquisition Innate Grammar Capability, Chomsky, 960324
1707 -
170801 - ..
170802 - Innate Knowledge Capacity
170803 -
170804 - A traditional solution is that humans are genetically equipped with a
170805 - form of knowledge that is perhaps stimulated through interaction with
170806 - the world, ref OF 6 029K, reflected in the recent Newsweek article,
170807 - reviewed on 960213. ref SDS 15 JK9G
170809 - ..
170810 - There is little substantive work that describes or indicates how
170811 - genetics induce meaning, ref OF 6 0268
170813 - ..
170814 - Landauer and Dumais suggest "excessive" learning comes from domains of
170815 - knowledge that contain vast numbers of weak interrelations that, if
170816 - properly exploited, can greatly amplify learning by a process of
170817 - inference, also called induction. ref OF 6 3019, per initial analysis
170818 - of LSA on 960321. ref SDS 29 5873 This supports Campbell's point
170819 - about the brain expanding impoverished information by relying on
170820 - memory of experience. ref SDS 2 7Z6G
170822 - ..
170823 - The author's cite foundational work by Shepard to describe how the
170824 - biology of the nervous system can be modeled mathematically to
170825 - correctly predict some aspects of mental functioning. ref OF 6 0268,
170826 - 222, and again. ref OF 6 026L
170827 -
170829 - ..
170830 - Presumed Primordial Abstract Grammar
170831 -
170832 - Chomsky's work on acquisition of grammar as supposing innate genetic
170833 - capacities, which are reflective of "categorization" skills.
170834 - ref OF 6 03EM
170836 - ..
170837 - Developmental psycholinguists have addressed the inducation problem.
170838 - ref OF 6 4L3H
170839 -
170840 -
170841 -
170842 -
170843 -
1709 -
SUBJECTS
Categorization, Subjects
Writing & Subject Indexing, 910418, 930118
Meaning Induced by LSA, Chomsky
Hierarchical and Relational Data Base Design
Garden of Knowledge, Needs Tending
Context, Subjects Categories
Context Improves Understanding by Integrating Time/Information/Meanin
Context Organization Improves Handling Daily Working Information
Organic Subject Structure
4911 -
491201 - ..
491202 - Organizing Existence is Complex Makes Subject Management Difficult
491203 - Subject Indexing Difficult because Organizing Existence is Complex
491204 -
491205 - Follow up ref SDS 29 2882.
491206 -
491207 - The complexity of subject management was analysed recently on 960322.
491208 - ref SDS 30 7749 Earlier on 890523 subjects grow like DNA organic
491209 - structures. ref SDS 1 SQ5L On 890523 SDS expands span of attention
491210 - using organic subject structures. ref SDS 1 SQ5L and again on 910221
491211 - ref SDS 3 U44K
491212 -
491213 - [On 970116 reviewed "fractionalized" subjects with Morris.
491214 - ref SDS 39 1732
491216 - ..
491217 - [On 990329 Steven Pinker explains the power of the mind to
491218 - recognize 100 million trillion distinctions using alphabet
491219 - technology means that organizing information into separate
491220 - subjects is a big challenge. ref SDS 45 ZN6G
491222 - ..
491223 - [On 990526 SDS organic structures more effective than keywords for
491224 - information retrieval. ref SDS 46 4097
491226 - ..
491227 - The capacity for the mind to "categorize" seems to be viewed as an
491228 - aspect of induction, ref OF 6 8049. The authors offer a long
491229 - explanation summarizing various sources on categorization, reflecting
491230 - the challenges posed in the April 1991 Byte article at ref SDS 4 5584,
491231 - and Campbell's book "Improbable Machine" on artificial intelligence,
491232 - ref SDS 2 5555.
491233 -
491234 - [On 960325 reviewed analysis of "keyword" information retrieval.
491235 - ref SDS 32 8445
491237 - ..
491238 - [On 960406 there is an example of this problem using computers
491239 - for storing files, ref SDS 33 5922.]
491241 - ..
491242 - Rules for categorization seem to have been worked out, ref OF 6 8049,
491243 - but they are not necessarily reflective of a general mental process.
491245 - ..
491246 - The notion of "meaning," reviewed on 960321, ref SDS 29 2882, which is
491247 - a process of recognizing pattern and frequency, seems to be an aspect
491248 - of organic "categorization." In other words, when we say what
491249 - something means, we are associating it with a pattern that has some
491250 - measure of frequency. ref OF 6 034T
491252 - ..
491253 - On 890523 SDS expands span of attention to enable pattern matching at
491254 - lower levels of organic structure. ref SDS 1 3E3G
491255 -
491256 - [...below, errors occur from pattern recognition ,because the
491257 - process is a "guess." ref SDS 0 0083
491258 -
491260 - ..
491261 - Meaning Learning Knowledge Derived from Experience Association
491262 - Organic Subject Structure Constructs Meaning
491263 - SDS Subject Index Manages Evolving Context
491264 -
491265 - Follow up ref SDS 29 2882.
491266 -
491267 - Meaning is derived and constructed, by "learning" as an ad hoc mental
491268 - bootstrapping operation from recognizing experiential association and
491269 - differentiating context using a process of classification ref OF 6
491270 - J65G and ref OF 6 6E3J SDS calls this "subjects."
491271 -
491272 - [..."context" discussed further below. ref SDS 0 3250
491274 - ..
491275 - [On 960518 "context" explained. ref SDS 36 3374
491277 - ..
491278 - Aligns with explanation that the mind constructs "meaning" based on
491279 - frequency of association and context. ref SDS 29 2882
491280 -
491281 - [On 000515 Peirce philosopher developed semiotic symbol
491282 - system of existential graphs to improve alphabet technology
491283 - for using words, ref SDS 48 Y34F and ref SDS 48 0663 that
491284 - represent continuous thought. ref SDS 48 5G5N
491286 - ..
491287 - The authors theorize that the mind constructs a hierarchical category
491288 - structure at ref OF 6 1834, which aligsn with POIMS explanation of
491289 - knowledge that organizes connections of cause and effect based on
491290 - needs for survival, ref OF 3 0367, reflects the SDS Organic Subject
491291 - Structure. see POIMS paper at ref OF 3 1110
491292 -
491293 - [On 960325 explanation of how "meaning" is induced using
491294 - "dimension matching." ref SDS 32 1100
491295 -
491297 - ..
491298 - [On 960518 "knowledge acquisition" by LSA method of
491299 - constructing meaning. ref SDS 36 R158
491301 - ..
491302 - [On 960518 induction causes meaning drift. ref SDS 36 3734
491304 - ..
491305 - Hierarchical structure of subjects seems similar to the process used
491306 - at a lower level to assign "meaning," per review on 960321. see
491307 - ref SDS 29 2882
491309 - ..
491310 - On 920211 WBS organic structures use hierarchical system. ref SDS 5
491311 - 3468
491312 -
491313 - Can some practical use be devised to apply the perceived innate
491314 - vector analysis by which the mind constructs its own subject
491315 - index, to aid an automated tool? ref OF 6 1834
491316 -
491317 - [On 000623 Jack Park proposes developing an engine to do
491318 - something, possibly along these lines. ref SDS 49 2915
491320 - ..
491321 - Implicit association of everything at a low level, ref OF 6 6S5I,
491322 - indicates meaning is fluid at very low levels, per explanation of
491323 - human thinking in POIMS. ref OF 3 0582 On 960321 subjects are
491324 - directly related to meaning. ref SDS 29 0Y7G
491325 -
491327 - ..
491328 - Meaning Space: Tending the Garden of Knowledge
491329 -
491330 - Authors suggest the mind's process of constructing hierarchical
491331 - concepts into chunks of context that comprise a structure of
491332 - "meaning space." ref OF 6 8599
491333 -
491334 - [On 960809 developed idea of meaning space into knowledge
491335 - space that manages history, or simply just stories.
491336 - ref SDS 38 7860, ref SDS 38 5555
491338 - ..
491339 - [On 000515 Peirce philosopher developed semiotic symbol
491340 - system of existential graphs to improve alphabet technology
491341 - for using words, ref SDS 48 Y34F and ref SDS 48 0663 that
491342 - represent continuous thought. ref SDS 48 5G5N
491344 - ..
491345 - Experience with SDS Subject Index results in a data base (meaning
491346 - space) of pointers which seems amenable to growing as large as
491347 - the text being categorized. This reflects Landauer's point that
491348 - the mind uses everything it encounters as a pointer to something
491349 - else in constructing "meaning." see review on 960321. ref SDS 29
491350 - 2882
491352 - ..
491353 - For example the work on 960322 shows the mind can turn itself in
491354 - circles by concentrating on a given body of information and
491355 - recognizing multiple associations. More concentration yields
491356 - more associations, endlessly. ref SDS 30 6544
491358 - ..
491359 - So care is needed to develop a useful organic subject structure
491360 - to manage Knowledge Space. It must be practical in relation to
491361 - time constraints and satisfying recognizable needs as contexts
491362 - arise over days, weeks and years. SDS provides an opportunity to
491363 - discover complexity that is otherwise hidden, and so conceals
491364 - issues that require attention in order to avoid taking the wrong
491365 - path. see also 960322. ref SDS 30 7749
491366 -
491368 - ..
491369 - Meaning Applicability is Expandable Leading to "Organic" Subjects
491370 -
491371 - Experience with the SDS Subject Index (see example on 960322 subject
491372 - index for PMI project, ref SDS 30 7749) reveals a pliant quality to
491373 - "subject" recognition. The longer a particular subject is considered
491374 - within a close time span and operating on a range of material, the
491375 - more the mind recognizes wider and wider applicability, reflecting the
491376 - composition of the mind itself, i.e., an organic structure where
491377 - everything is somewhat interdependent and so related, however,
491378 - remotely. The more we work with sets of material, the range of
491379 - categories it could fit continues to expand, absent structure and
491380 - rules.
491381 -
491382 - [On 960406, see example of problem. ref SDS 33 0000]
491384 - ..
491385 - The term "fuzzy" appears in considering how the mind categorizes
491386 - input, ref OF 6 line 284, which may relate to the "fuzzy" method of
491387 - subject indexing Landauer used for the text editor at Bellcore. No,
491388 - actually he used "fishey" at ref SDS 8 0003, and that work addressed
491389 - the problem of "too many keywords" taken up on 960322, under the term
491390 - "multiple titles." ref SDS 30 7554
491391 -
491392 - I would like to visit with Tom about his fisheye approach.
491394 - ..
491395 - Chomsky's work on acquisition of grammar as supposing innate genetic
491396 - capacities, which are reflective of "categorization" skills, ref OF 6
491397 - line 295.
491398 -
491399 -
491400 -
491401 -
4915 -
SUBJECTS
Induction is emulated by LSA
SDS Theory, Metrics
Induction (multiplies learning)
False Knowledge
Pattern Recognition
Communication Metrics
Measuring Understanding
Metrics, Measuring Understanding with
Dimension Matching
Define "Understanding"
6212 -
621301 - ..
621302 - LSA Model Simulates Human Learning by Mathematical Induction
621303 -
621304 - The LSA model simulates human "induction" to learn more vocabulary
621305 - than people are taught or otherwise encounter, ref OF 6 line 33.
621306 -
621307 - The model "learns" by inducing "global knowledge" indirectly from
621308 - "local co-occurrence" data in a representative body of text, ref OF 6
621309 - line 34.
621310 -
621312 - ..
621313 - Context Supplies Resource for Induced Meaning
621314 - Dimension Matching and Induction from "Context" Support Metrics
621315 -
621316 - Follow up ref SDS 29 5588.
621317 -
621318 - In general the authors propose a method of dimension matching to apply
621319 - mental "metrics" for understanding communication in the form of text,
621320 - which is analogous to speech.
621321 -
621322 - [On 960325 explanation of how "meaning" is induced using
621323 - "dimension matching." ref SDS 32 1100
621324 -
621325 - "Meaning" is reviewed on 960321. ref SDS 29 2882
621327 - ..
621328 - Context to avoid ambiguity reviewed on 960321. ref SDS 29 5588
621330 - ..
621331 - Comprehension can be measured, and is another way to explain context,
621332 - understanding and meaning. ref OF 6 6952, ref OF 6 8452
621333 -
621334 - [On 960809 Comprehension is analysed. ref SDS 38 5555]
621335 -
621336 - [On 000515 Peirce philosopher developed semiotic symbol
621337 - system of existential graphs to improve alphabet technology
621338 - for using words, ref SDS 48 Y34F and ref SDS 48 0663 that
621339 - represent continuous thought. ref SDS 48 5G5N
621341 - ..
621342 - Description of LSA method is at ref OF 6 6021, ref OF 6 8599, and in
621343 - relation to how a real "brain" works. ref OF 6 7302.
621344 -
621346 - ..
621347 - Component "events" are also called just "components" seem to be
621348 - words, sentences and paragraphs.
621349 -
621350 - Context is a key factor, where is this defined? see also
621351 - ref SDS 29 2882, and ref SDS 29 5588, citing ref OF 6 6351.
621353 - ..
621354 - On 950925 "context" is key factor in technology that uses
621355 - alphabet to form words, emulating human cognition. ref SDS 10
621356 - 0583
621357 -
621358 - [On 960518 "context" is defined in part. ref SDS 36 3374]
621359 -
621360 - [On 960809 "context" seems to represent human experience.
621361 - ref SDS 38 2827]
621363 - ..
621364 - Component events and context are together called "roles"
621365 - ref OF 6 7302.
621366 -
621367 - "Mental events" seems to be the assimilation of stimula, i.e.,
621368 - hearing, observing language. ref OF 6 7302
621370 - ..
621371 - Chunks, Concepts, Categories, Flexible and Powerful
621372 -
621373 - There is a heading...
621374 -
621375 - Association. Perceptual Learning. and Chunking
621376 -
621377 - ...at ref OF 6 7301 that seems to relate LSA dimension matching
621378 - induction process of vectoring, as building related organic
621379 - structures of knowledge with varying sizes, perhaps called
621380 - "chunks."
621381 -
621382 - [On 960809 "chunks" as context window size, related to span of
621383 - attention. ref SDS 38 0085]
621385 - ..
621386 - The authors say...
621387 -
621388 - What makes LSA different from an associative network is
621389 - dimension-matching induction-that every node is related to
621390 - every other through common condensed vector representations,
621391 - not just through independently acquired pairwise node
621392 - connections and their composite paths. This process gives
621393 - perceptual and observational learning, and the spontaneous
621394 - generation of abstractions such as chunks, concepts and
621395 - categories much greater force and flexibility, ref OF 6 5583
621397 - ..
621398 - LSA model of relating every node to all other nodes fits model of
621399 - meaning derived from connecting everything, explained on 960321.
621400 - ref SDS 29 2882 and particularly on SVD. ref SDS 29 X35O
621402 - ..
621403 - [See organic structure of consciousness at ref SDS 35 2222;
621404 - see "meaning space" and memory at ref SDS 38 7860.]
621406 - ..
621407 - [On 960518 "context" explained. ref SDS 36 3374
621409 - ..
621410 - [On 980405 everything related to everything else, people
621411 - worry context management and making connections with links
621412 - to maintain alignment for accuracy is a hopeless task;
621413 - overlooks long march of civilization using records
621414 - management and library science to aid human cognition
621415 - understanding complexity, even though every connection
621416 - cannot be tracked. ref SDS 44 R63L
621418 - ..
621419 - "Chunks" are discussed again at ref OF 6 3847.
621420 -
621421 - [On 960809 "chunks" as context window size, related to span of
621422 - attention. ref SDS 38 0085]
621423 -
621424 - [On 960809 "meaning" and meaning drift. ref SDS 38 8849]
621425 -
621426 -
621428 - ..
621429 - Induction Measures Similarity of Language Patterns
621430 -
621431 - Inductive processes of LSA depend on and accrue only to large bodies
621432 - of naturally interrelated data, ref OF 6 line 1747.
621433 -
621434 - LSA is a high-dimensional linear associative model that captures the
621435 - similarity of words and text passages, ref OF 6 line 97. Induction
621436 - occurs by assuming the right (usually high, e.g., 100-350) number of
621437 - dimensions for its representation of similarity among events, ref OF 6
621438 - line 39, ref OF 6 line 532, per ref SDS 32 line 138.
621439 -
621440 - This seems to imply a calculation of similarity in word and text
621441 - structure, or what might be called "pattern." ref OF 6 line 683
621442 -
621443 - [See use in COE report on Communication Metrics, ref SDS 40
621444 - line 78.]
621446 - ..
621447 - [On 000515 Peirce philosopher developed semiotic symbol
621448 - system of existential graphs to improve alphabet technology
621449 - for using words, ref SDS 48 Y34F and ref SDS 48 0663 that
621450 - represent continuous thought. ref SDS 48 5G5N
621451 -
621452 - "Similarity" as a cognitive tool seems to be challenged at ref OF
621453 - 6 line 258, discussing "categorization."
621454 -
621456 - ..
621457 - Communication "Metrics" of "Understanding"
621458 -
621459 - LSA modeling method may offer support for the notion that
621460 - "communication" and/or "understanding" can be measured, see for
621461 - example discussion at ref OF 6 line 930, ref OF 6 line 1232, and
621462 - ref OF 6 line 1312, ref OF 6 line 1344.
621464 - ..
621465 - Landauer suggests an alternate use of "metrics" from traditional
621466 - management reports on cost and schedule, since it occurs
621467 - generally below the level of consciousness, and deals with a
621468 - lower level of organic structure (i.e., alphabetic character and
621469 - word pattern dimensionality) than do cost and schedule control.
621470 - This may address in part Morris' concern about "metrics"
621471 - accomplished by SDS, ref SDS 7 line 320. It supports the NWO
621472 - paper at ref OF 4 line 408.
621473 -
621474 - [Applied technology to improve "understanding" in paper for
621475 - Morris at Asilomar, ref SDS 37 8201.]
621477 - ..
621478 - [See distinction between metrics to "determine" effectiveness
621479 - and Communication Metrics to improve it, ref SDS 41 line
621480 - 410.]
621482 - ..
621483 - Landauer discusses a "communication system" based on his model at
621484 - ref OF 6 line 570, ref OF 6 line 599, per ref SDS 32 line 136.
621486 - ..
621487 - Landauer's explanation at ref OF 6 line 1807 re "chunks" seems to
621488 - support application of dimension matching to higher orders of
621489 - knowledge, per ref SDS 35 line 108.
621491 - ..
621492 - The model approximated the rapid acquisition of "meaning similarities"
621493 - by school children, ref OF 6 line 35, see also ref SDS 32 line 136.
621494 -
621496 - ..
621497 - Alphabet Reflects Connectionist Theory, Jeromy Campbell
621498 -
621499 - Landauer's LSA induction model reflects review on 900303 of Campbell's
621500 - explanation of the brain's ability to connect information, paradigms
621501 - and schemas to create new knowledge based on what is already "known"
621502 - from experience in the world. ref SDS 2 6006
621503 -
621504 - Landauer seems to feel the LSA methodology which is developed from
621505 - the study of language acquisition, can be applied to other forms
621506 - of "knowledge" acquisition, ref OF 6 line 570.
621507 -
621508 - [On 960518 Landauer explains connected text as "context"
621509 - developed from alphabet. ref SDS 36 3374]
621511 - ..
621512 - The alphabet is an analog of connectionist theory, as explained on
621513 - 940609. ref SDS 6 8854
621514 -
621515 - [On 991108 research on alphabet technology. ref SDS 47 5628]
621516 -
621517 -
621518 -
621519 -
621520 -
621521 -
6216 -
SUBJECTS
Induction Bridges Gap between Information
Experience Improves Induction
Guessing, Errors of Induction
Intuition is Enhanced by Web of Connected
Knowledge v. Information
Convert Information into Knowledge
Knowledge Define Chronology Causation Experience
Definition
8110 -
811101 - ..
811102 - Induction Bridges Gap Between Information and Knowledge
811103 -
811104 - Follow up work at ref SDS 29 line 171.
811105 -
811106 - Inductive processes of LSA depend on and accrue only to large bodies
811107 - of naturally interrelated data, ref OF 6 line 1747.
811109 - ..
811110 - Landauer and Dumais have discovered that a simple mechanism of
811111 - induction, the choice of the correct dimensionality in which to
811112 - represent similarity between events, can sometimes, in particular in
811113 - learning about the similarity of the meanings of words, produce
811114 - sufficient enhancement of knowledge to bridge the gap between the
811115 - information available in local contiguity and what people know after
811116 - large amounts of experience. ref OF 6 3019, ref OF 6 08SF
811118 - ..
811119 - This seems to reflect a "process" of "converting information into
811120 - knowledge" in the NWO paper.
811121 -
811122 - [On 960325 authors identify a mental process of converting
811123 - information into knowledge. ref SDS 32 5689.]
811125 - ..
811126 - So far it is not clear how "time" impacts the process that results
811127 - in the "fragility of knowledge" that causes confusion or false
811128 - knowledge, analysed on 960321. ref SDS 29 0076
811129 -
811130 - [On 960325 consideration of "time" at ref SDS 32 6666.]
811132 - ..
811133 - "Credibility" and "context" must somehow give "knowledge" strength
811134 - and/or permanence, ref OF 6 4752. The mind must weigh sources.
811135 - Seems like the LSA method could apply to these factors in like
811136 - manner, assuming the mind has constructed some sort of dominance
811137 - or hierarchy of patterns for sources and safety.
811138 -
811139 - [On 960506 application in Communication Metrics that "truth" is
811140 - a moving target, ref SDS 34 0000]
811142 - ..
811143 - [On 960518 "Context" is explained. ref SDS 36 3374]
811144 -
811146 - ..
811147 - Context from Near and Frequent Associations
811148 - Local Contiguity May Relate to Span of Attention and Context
811149 -
811150 - I am uncertain about the meaning of "local contiguity" but it may
811151 - refer to the nearness of information so that it can be considered
811152 - as a pattern, and in the timing of receipt relative to application
811153 - of context. Landauer uses "window of discourse" to mean a
811154 - sentence or paragraph, so this may relate to "local contiguity."
811155 - ref OF 6 11VY He discusses "context" in relation to the nearness
811156 - in spatial distance, time and frequency of encountering common
811157 - patterns, in this case, of text. ref OF 6 7388
811158 -
811159 - [On 970829 "local contiguity" and context related to "span of
811160 - attention." ref SDS 43 4476
811161 -
811163 - ..
811164 - Educated Guessing Using Dimension Matching - Cause of Errors
811165 -
811166 - "Induction" using dimensionality seems like a way to describe what
811167 - is commonly called an "educated guess" based on experience. per
811168 - analysis on 960321. ref SDS 29 7382 The mind fills in missing
811169 - information by drawing on a reservoir of knowledge from experience
811170 - living in the world, what Jeromy Campbell calls "Baker Street
811171 - reasoning, see ref SDS 2 6831. Dimension matching becomes complex
811172 - when the information environment is "hilly." ref OF 6 6020
811173 -
811174 - [On 960325 "hilly terrain" causes mistakes. ref SDS 32 4839.
811176 - ..
811177 - SDS strengthens natural intelligence by enabling "guesses" at a
811178 - lower level of abstraction, i.e., subject, than can otherwise fits
811179 - within limited time and span of attention, per Jeremy Campbell's
811180 - book reviewed on 900303, ref SDS 2 5555, as explained on 890523,
811181 - ref SDS 1 3E3G, and later on 910221. ref SDS 3 U44K Guessing at
811182 - the detail level, rather than the summary level can still cause
811183 - errors, but these errors will be smaller and less harmful.
811184 -
811185 - [On 970619 paper reviewed Asilomar Conference to illustrate
811186 - need to improve the first guess, so there is less need for
811187 - "second-guessing" ref SDS 42 7588
811189 - ..
811190 - Intuition Needs Experience Base
811191 -
811192 - The need for a lot of experience, ref OF 6 4199, and also,
811193 - ref OF 6 6351, to support induction seems related to guessing as
811194 - "intuition" and why new ideas are difficult to "intuit," and
811195 - therefore can be slow to be absorbed.
811197 - ..
811198 - SDS is difficult to make intuitive, because it supports processing
811199 - that occurs in the mind which people are not aware occurs. This
811200 - seems a little redundant, the mind intuits from subconscious
811201 - analysis, i.e., intuition entails conjuring up ideas without
811202 - conscious consideration or review of prior experience. However,
811203 - to get to this point, it must deal consciously with a wide range
811204 - of new structures in SDS and this is overwhelming compared with
811205 - the evident alternative of getting easy knowledge from pictures in
811206 - Windows 95. Of course this founders on Kissinger's observation
811207 - reviewed on 940609 that pictures merely convey impressions,
811208 - ref SDS 6 4238, but this point is not obvious to the busy mind.
811210 - ..
811211 - Authors say that testing more elaborate and complex models demands
811212 - more data, computational resources, and time than has been available.
811213 - ref OF 6 2317
811214 -
811215 - This suggests a possible role for SDS data base as a test
811216 - environment of related text to test.
811217 -
811218 -
811219 -
811220 -
811221 -
811222 -
811223 -
811224 -
811225 -
811226 -
811227 -
811228 -
811229 -
811230 -
811231 -
811232 -
811233 -
811234 -
811235 -
811236 -
8113 -