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1...Marcy will follow up on discussions with David about meeting
2...Marcy will submit the letter confirming Intel's presentation to
CONTACTS
0201 - Intel Corporation
020101 - Ms. Marcy Puhnaty; Manager of Mobile Promotions
020102 - Mobile & Handheld Products Group
SUBJECTS
PMI Event Program, Planning
Technological Impact on Practice of
Prepared for Work
Prepared, Nobody Has Time on Information
0706 -
0706 - ..
0707 - Summary/Objective
0708 -
070801 - Follow up ref SDS 18 0000, ref SDS 17 0000.
070802 -
070803 - Reviewed the agenda and background on the Asilomar event. Developed
070804 - ideas for Intel to support the agenda. Marcy will submit a letter
070805 - confirming Intel's participation. We set a follow up meeting for the
070806 - week of Mar 25 to review progress.
070807 -
070808 - [On 960318 issued notes ref SDS 19 8444.]
070810 - ..
070811 - [On 960326 met to review Intel's progress. ref SDS 21 3392]
070813 - ..
070814 - [On 960627 reviewed Intel's rev 0 presentation. ref SDS 25 9352]
070816 - ..
070817 - [On 960715 reviewed Intel's presentation. ref SDS 26 8830]
070818 -
070820 - ..
0709 -
0710 -
0711 - Discussion
071201 - ..
071202 - Leadership & Technology
071203 -
071204 - Initially Marcy read the Asilomar agenda, ref OF 4 line 15 submitted
071205 - to Intel on Feb 23 via ref DIP 8 line 39, showing Intel's presentation
071206 - builds on other speakers who will define sound management practice
071207 - which technology can support, and Intel will then set a foundation for
071208 - the closing speaker, General Hatch, to encourage use of these ideas.
071209 -
071211 - ..
071212 - Being Prepared - Not Enough Time on Information Highway
071213 -
071214 - Marcy commented after reading the agenda that the aims of Asilomar
071215 - are broader than was apparent from earlier discussions. I was
071216 - late due to heavy traffic coming from San Francisco today so there
071217 - wasn't enough time to review the record prior to our meeting, per
071218 - our discussion yesterday, ref SDS 18 line 116, and previously at
071219 - ref SDS 9 line 93, and ref SDS 5 line 303.
071221 - ..
071222 - Marcy indicated the goal to show automation can empower leadership
071223 - reflects objectives at Intel for better management.
071224 -
071225 - She feels more understanding is needed on Communication Metrics
071226 - for consistent use of PMBOK standards to "align communications"
071227 - ref SDS 5 line 231, and leverage personal and organizational
071228 - experience, called "continual learning" in ISO criteria, ref
071229 - SDS 2 line 494.
071231 - ..
071232 - We read through David's comment at the Sep 29 meeting that the
071233 - Asilomar Conference addresses a critical need at Intel to improve
071234 - communications, by integrating time and information management,
071235 - ref SDS 5 6921. General Hatch similarly noted Communication
071236 - Metrics mainstreams military "intelligence" that connects cause
071237 - and effect, meaning and facts to guide leadership, ref SDS 7 line
071238 - 141. He agreed to support Asilomar in order to bring the message
071239 - that an important part of the partnership between leadership and
071240 - technology is to ensure that information is converted into
071241 - "knowledge" faster and more accurately. Executives have a lot of
071242 - information, they need more knowledge and the time to apply it.
071243 -
071244 - [See follow up telecon with David ref SDS 22 line 178; email
071245 - from David at ref SDS 23 line 165.]
071246 -
071247 -
071248 -
0713 -
SUBJECTS
Communication Engineer/Manager
1403 -
140401 - ..
140402 - Communication Manager
140403 -
140404 - Marcy asked how Intel's presentation on automated tools fits the
140405 - Asilomar agenda to define a new work role, called variously:
140406 -
140407 - • Communication Manager
140408 - • Para Manager
140409 - • Process Analyst
140410 - • Executive Assistant
140411 -
140412 - ...and which will be set out my Morris Jones in a talk on changes
140413 - in executive work practices and the need for new roles under
140414 - reengineering, ref SDS 12 line 895, in a presentation preceding
140415 - David's, ref OF 4 line 49? This was to have been discussed with
140416 - David at the meeting with Morris, which David missed due to a
140417 - heavy schedule, ref SDS 11 line 78 and ref SDS 12 line 981.
140418 -
140419 -
140420 -
1405 -
SUBJECTS
Information Highway
Time - Too Busy Being Busy
Not Enough Time to Understand
1705 -
170601 - ..
170602 - New Business Environment: Information Highway
170603 -
170604 - We read through the discussion with David on Sep 27 showing the
170605 - need for a new kind of management support to implement the special
170606 - automated tools required for Communication Metrics, ref SDS 5 line
170607 - 809. Our goal today is to maintain that course. We reviewed the
170608 - driving force for these needs that arises from dramatic changes in
170609 - the character of management work within the past 10 years caused
170610 - by the...
170612 - ..
170613 - Information Highway
170614 -
170615 - ...which was hoped would improve management performance, but has
170616 - actually caused management to implode. We read through portions
170617 - of the New World Order paper describing this phenomena, ref OF 2
170618 - line 504. We examined the Asilomar agenda showing General Hatch,
170619 - former Chief of the US Army Corps of Engineers, now Vice President
170620 - of Fluor Daniel, will explain at Asilomar how the compression of
170621 - time and distance wrought by automation causes managers to feel
170622 - there isn't enough time to perform knowledge work, i.e., read and
170623 - write, think, discern, ref OF 4 line 62. Dr. Tom Landauer will
170624 - explain this occurs because feeding more information to the human
170625 - mind impedes its ability to think, remember and communicate, ref
170626 - OF 3 line 44. Prominent business consultants on executive work
170627 - practices, communications and team building will report at
170628 - Asilomar that the chief complaint in the office these days is...
170630 - ..
170631 - there isn't enough time
170632 -
170633 - ...to keep up with the flow of information. Stephen Covey's ideas
170634 - to first "understand and diagnose" before taking action is hard to
170635 - follow because there isn't enough time to check the record to
170636 - prepare for meetings, calls and email. A prominent trial lawyer
170637 - will report to Asilomar on the value of being well prepared by
170638 - reading the background for meetings where critical decisions will
170639 - be made, like a trial, but that chief executives testify over and
170640 - over when asked about the basis for erroneous decisions, that...
170642 - ..
170643 - there wasn't enough time
170644 -
170645 - ...to check the contract, the policy, the regulation, the letter,
170646 - the email, with colleagues, the meeting notes, so they went with
170647 - what seemed correct at the time. Lack of preparation ripples
170648 - throughout the organization, as managers up and down the hierarchy
170649 - follow their leaders. They don't have enough time either.
170651 - ..
170652 - Marcy and I reviewed David's observation from the meeting on
170653 - 960103, where he indicated executives don't have enough time to
170654 - consider the content of what is said; they are forced to rely on
170655 - the confidence of the speaker. ref SDS 9 8409
170656 - ..
170657 - This is where Intel fits into the Asilomar agenda.
170658 -
170659 -
170660 -
170661 -
170662 -
1707 -
SUBJECTS
Automated Notebook, This is What I Want
Making more money
Cost/Benefit of Better Communications
Tools Unused Don't Improve Earnings, Need
2506 -
250701 - ..
250702 - This is What I Want!
250703 -
250704 - Marcy and I read David's explanation on 950927 that Intel is
250705 - working hard to produce faster processors in order to enable
250706 - managers to do a better job. ref SDS 5 8943
250707 -
250708 - If Intel technology can speed up the use of sound management
250709 - practices, so they can be used more consistently, that should
250710 - improve earnings under Peter Drucker's theory reviewed on 960301
250711 - that "management" is the most productive force in an organization.
250712 - ref SDS 13 5967 That's what Asilomar conferees want. They want a
250713 - better partnership between technology and leadership to improve
250714 - earnings, discussed with David on 950927. ref SDS 5 4408 and also
250715 - ref SDS 5 4839
250716 -
250718 - ..
250719 - Useful Technology & New Management Science
250720 -
250721 - Asilomar will present Intel's idea to use automated tools that
250722 - speed up capturing, organizing, distributing and using the record
250723 - so people have more time to understand objectives, background,
250724 - options, rationale and context, and so they have more time to
250725 - prepare for meetings and phone calls. Asilomar will supplement
250726 - Intel's technology to support leadership, by defining a new work
250727 - role to ensure automated tools are actually used on the job each
250728 - day. Good tools that are not used don't improve the work, don't
250729 - improve earnings. Intel is critical because faster tools helps
250730 - people grasp that it is cost effective to add this role to make
250731 - leadership effective. If Communication Metrics cannot be done
250732 - quickly, in real time, people won't do it. They will fall behind,
250733 - ignore the record, make mistakes, complain that technology is more
250734 - of a problem than a help.
250736 - ..
250737 - We looked at the discussion on 950927 about showing users how
250738 - productivity is improved by automation that integrates key
250739 - management practices to think, remember and communicate, leading
250740 - to the idea of "automated integration." ref SDS 5 9483
250741 -
250742 -
250743 -
250744 -
250745 -
2508 -
SUBJECTS
Communication Engineer/Manager
Investing Intellectual Capital
Drifting Off Course, Avoid
3505 -
350601 - ..
350602 - Communication Manager Invests Intellectual Capital to
350603 - Leverage the Value of Time and the Power of Knowledge
350604 -
350605 - Marcy asked what a Communication Manager does?
350606 -
350607 - I explained our meeting today reflects this role.
350608 -
350609 - We started by reviewing the record to align objectives.
350611 - ..
350612 - We found reasons for original understandings, so we can align and
350613 - integrate interceding events to collaborate effectively on
350614 - reaching common goals. If we discover that efforts are drifting
350615 - off course, we can align the work today in order to avoid the
350616 - tragedy of expending personal emotional capital and organizational
350617 - resources that make it difficult to reconcile differences which
350618 - would otherwise grow over time, as set out in the Feb 23 letter to
350619 - David, ref DIP 8 line 70. This keeps the focus on working together
350620 - as a team.
350622 - ..
350623 - A Communication Manager corrects little deviations from the truth
350624 - (see NWO, ref OF 3 4564) in time to help big organizations avoid
350625 - drifting off course, so that earnings and stock prices remain
350626 - strong. This role uses tools powered by Intel. Microprocessors
350627 - makes possible the science of Communication Metrics by allowing
350628 - the integration of work practices from established disciplines in
350629 - engineering, law, accounting, contracting, journalism, under the
350630 - umbrella of "automated integration."
350631 -
350632 -
350634 - ..
350635 - New World Order Needs Old Time Religion
350636 -
350637 - I asked if Marcy has had a chance to read the NWO paper which will be
350638 - published in May by PMI, and sets out the rationale for the Asilomar
350639 - agenda?
350641 - ..
350642 - Marcy had not had enough time to review prior to the meeting.
350644 - ..
350645 - Therefore, we took some time and read together sections highlighted to
350646 - prepare for our meeting, on the need for a better partnership between
350647 - technology and leadership, ref OF 3 YD6O and ref OF 3 034H, and how a
350648 - new management science that combines the power of technology with key
350649 - fundamentals of linking back to original sources evident in religion
350650 - and the law, can lead civilization to a new plateau. ref OF 3 4723 We
350651 - looked to see how this supports the "Paperless Office" David described
350652 - in his Byte interview in 1991, discussed on 950927. ref SDS 5 8943
350653 - ..
350654 - On 960311 need for a better partnership between leadership
350655 - and technology is supported in a new book by Johanna Neuman,
350656 - "Lights, Camera, War, ref SDS 15 9405, reflecting observations by
350657 - Henry Kissinger reviewed on 940609, ref SDS 2 4238, which are
350658 - cited in NWO. ref OF 3 274V
350659 -
350660 -
350661 -
350662 -
350663 -
350664 -
3507 -
SUBJECTS
Automated Notebook
Technological Impact on Practice of
Technology & Leadership Today
Broader Vision to Make Technology a
Paperless Office
Leadership with Broader Vision, Using
Writing is Primary Knowledge Tool
Desk Piled High with Paper, Unanswered Email
Futuristic Vision Technology Improves Management SDS Makes Everything
5011 -
501201 - ..
501202 - Intel Will Present Interent for Useful Management Technology
501203 -
501204 - Marcy explained Intel's plan to show at Asilomar the notebook computer
501205 - of the future that will have a wider range of capability than present
501206 - models.
501207 -
501208 - An example discussed yesterday is accessing the Internet to edit a
501209 - letter from within a cab, ref SDS 18 3329; it reflects comment by
501210 - Avram Miller, VP Business Development at Intel, from an article in
501211 - Forbes ASAP, ref SDS 14 3209.
501213 - ..
501214 - David described use of email at the 950927 meeting. ref SDS 5 4939.
501215 - Marcy expects this presentation will be available for review by the
501216 - end of next week, or the following week.
501217 -
501218 - [See follow up at 960326 meeting, ref SDS 21 3392, and later
501219 - discussion with Dave at ref SDS 22 2832.]
501221 - ..
501222 - This effort fits with PMI's plan to have 3 or 4 executives show
501223 - how personal computers are used today to support leadership,
501224 - using email, wordprocessing and a schedule. Intel's plan to show
501225 - how this can be done better in the future will be helpful.
501227 - ..
501228 - Marcy feels more may be needed to accomplish the aims of Asilomar to
501229 - define and support a new management science.
501231 - ..
501232 - We decided to meet the week of Mar 25 to review the presentation Intel
501233 - has been developing, so we can assess what additional support is
501234 - needed for the Asilomar agenda.
501236 - ..
501237 - Marcy will review for feasibility the ideas developed at the Jan 3
501238 - meeting with David, based on the record of those discussions submitted
501239 - today, ref SDS 9 line 115?
501240 - ..
501241 - These include:
501243 - ..
501244 - Executive Dream Machine
501245 -
501246 - Intel's current efforts will address some of this scope, however,
501247 - the executive needs to integrate work on a notebook for travel,
501248 - with work at a traditional desk, or workstation. Some ergonomic
501249 - and technology issues need attention, including transferring data
501250 - efficiently and realiably. The Internet may be useful here, but
501251 - how soon will it be truly useful and what can be done in the
501252 - meantime?
501254 - ..
501255 - Similarly, how will work by the individual be integrated to draw
501256 - support from and contribute support to colleagues and the wider
501257 - organization, so technology can support leadership in the future?
501259 - ..
501260 - New processors Intel is producing for the future will have more
501261 - power, but will it be enough to accomplish David's agenda set out
501262 - in the 1991 Byte article on the Paperless Office, which sets the
501263 - goals for Communication Metrics? What work is underway to
501264 - determine these requirements and when will technology be ready to
501265 - help leaders take the quantum leap into the 21st century?
501266 - ref SDS 5 line 400 and ref SDS 5 line 941
501267 -
501269 - ..
501270 - What the Future Holds
501271 - Communication Metrics: Leadership with Broader Vision
501272 - Futuristic SDS Support Communication Metrics Improves Management
501273 -
501274 - Marcy feels Communication Metrics (see ref SDS 3 2108) sets a
501275 - futuristic vision of how technology can support leadership. She
501276 - feels our meeting today is an example that shows technology
501277 - applied by specially skilled workers can organize and analyse
501278 - critical information in a way that saves time and money, by
501279 - empowering managers to work more efficiently and accurately,
501280 - i.e., faster, better, cheaper.
501281 -
501282 - [On 960326 SDS support for Communication Metrics that makes
501283 - creating an accurate, comprehensive record is hard to
501284 - believe. ref SDS 20 G368
501286 - ..
501287 - [On 960520 Fluor Danier is trying to use TQM to achieve
501288 - faster, better, cheaper results, and found that SDS supports
501289 - that goal. ref SDS 22 4546]
501291 - ..
501292 - [On 971007 USACE CESPN issued a report that Communication
501293 - Metrics saves time and money. ref SDS 27 2979]
501295 - ..
501296 - [On 971105 Internet project on Communication Metrics brought
501297 - future closer to reality. ref SDS 28 2367]
501299 - ..
501300 - [On 010425 Morris described SDS as "utopia" based on Typical
501301 - Day Scenario. ref SDS 32 EP7F
501303 - ..
501304 - We considered showing the SDS implementation described in the New
501305 - World Order ... paper at ref OF 2 line 1091, as one way to
501306 - demonstrate how automation can improve the practice of knowledge
501307 - work in the future. It is a prototype beyond the reach of most
501308 - executives, similar to the alphabet in an earlier era, when the
501309 - Pharaoh, Rameses II, made the seminal observation about the power
501310 - of writing things down to get things done...
501312 - ..
501313 - So let it be written, so let it be done
501314 -
501315 - Now, as then, in the beginning we need a special "Scribe" to use
501316 - the new tools. Like the alphabet, these tools are within the
501317 - ability of everyone, but beyond the imagination of most. Intel
501318 - can broaden this horizon, pioneering a new path to "knowledge" on
501319 - the Information Highway.
501320 -
501322 - ..
501323 - Paperless Office, Dreams can Come True
501324 -
501325 - An example would be to set up a typical executive's desk piled
501326 - high with papers for various matters, representing current work
501327 - practice by executives, reviewed on 960208. ref SDS 10 8908.
501328 - Then simply sweep it all away, literally onto the floor. David
501329 - can recount his 1991 Byte interview on Intel's objective to apply
501330 - millions of transistors in microprocessors so they accomplish the
501331 - tasks of his notebook to keep a schedule, track ideas,
501332 - understandings, correspondence and other information. ref SDS 5
501333 - 8943 He can explain frustrations of falling short in fulfilling
501334 - this dream, ref SDS 5 7732, and then demonstrate how dreams can
501335 - come true using "Communication Metrics" (ref SDS 5 1830) which
501336 - Marcy feels is futuristic. ref SDS 0 4545
501337 -
501338 - [On 960326 Marcy feels Communication Metrics is too ambitious
501339 - for Intel. ref SDS 21 0100, ref SDS 21 7828, demonstrating how
501340 - executives make money, ref SDS 21 8339, showing SDS in the
501341 - timeline of technology, ref SDS 21 1007.]
501343 - ..
501344 - [On 990105 Jim Lovo at HQUSACE explained his desk looks like
501345 - example we have in mind. ref SDS 31 8280
501346 -
501347 -
501348 -
501349 -
5014 -
SUBJECTS
Microcosm, Power
Secretarial Support
Add Value to Existing Staff
Automated Notebook
Microcosm Drilling into Details Supported Organic Subject Structure
Microcosm Productivity Discover Details Don't Align and Adjust Before
Microcosm Power Increased by Controlling Lower Levels Organic Structu
6009 -
601001 - ..
601002 - Power of Microcosm
601003 -
601004 - Follow up ref SDS 9 4491, ref SDS 5 5412.
601005 -
601006 - Planning on 950927 showed David could relate Intel's history
601007 - of exponential increase in performance of microcprocessors as
601008 - Intel has learned to control lower levels of organic
601009 - structure, ref SDS 5 5412. George Gilder has called this the
601010 - Power of the Microcosm in his book on Intel and other
601011 - technology pioneers. Dave reviewed this idea again at a
601012 - meeting on 960103. ref SDS 9 4491 Can this power be applied
601013 - to "knowledge" work by making personal computers a better:
601015 - ..
601016 - Operating System for People and Organizations
601017 -
601018 - ..., also, discussed with David on 950927. ref SDS 5 8400.
601020 - ..
601021 - Shove All That Paper into Computer Electronic Records Management
601022 -
601023 - Set Intel's computer in the center of a clean desk and show how,
601024 - through the magic of a microprocessor, all of that paper swept
601025 - onto the floor, per above, ref SDS 0 9956, can be organized
601026 - quickly, accessed and applied instantly, integrated with time and
601027 - the Welch management cycle, so there is enough time to
601028 - consistently use management standards in the PMBOK and ISO, as
601029 - shown in the Asilomar agenda, ref OF 4 line 52. Gaining useful
601030 - control of a lot of information requires paperless office
601031 - efficiencies of electronic records management proposed by
601032 - Vannevar Bush in 1945, reviewed a few weeks ago on 960304.
601033 - ref SDS 14 GX59 This would build on ideas presented earlier in
601034 - the conference that better management and earnings derive from
601035 - consistent use of good management practice.
601036 -
601037 - [On 960326 demonstrated how this can be presented at
601038 - Asilomar. ref SDS 20 7402]
601040 - ..
601041 - [On 960627 Dave feels paperless office is still a challenge.
601042 - ref SDS 25 8488]
601044 - ..
601045 - [On 980803 demonstrated to USACE paperless office capability.
601046 - see ref SDS 29 1111]
601048 - ..
601049 - [On 980808 developed web site to demonstrate connecting
601050 - summary to detail. ref SDS 30 0615]
601051 -
601053 - ..
601054 - Adding Value to Existing Roles
601055 -
601056 - The idea is that executives and managers know what needs to be
601057 - done, but they don't have enough time to do it. Automation and a
601058 - new work role gives them the time to get things done correctly
601059 - and on time in the age of the Information Highway, ref SDS 1
601060 - 8402. This upgrades and adds value to the secretarial and
601061 - administrative assistant roles, and offers in certain settings a
601062 - new executive support postion called a Communication Manager
601063 - which requires the kind of experiece which many managers possess,
601064 - who are being "reengineered" out of a job. So we have a pool of
601065 - people available to accomplish Communication Metrics, and who are
601066 - seeking a new role.
601068 - ..
601069 - David can close by critiquing this "dream" with respect to his
601070 - original vision and subsequent experience. What more do we want
601071 - technology to do to make leadership more effective. What about
601072 - pictures, voice data entry, and so on. What is our schedule to
601073 - reach these goals?
601074 -
601075 -
601076 -
601077 -
6011 -
SUBJECTS
Studies of New Technology
Donating Computer
6204 -
620501 - ..
620502 - Agents of Change
620503 - Studying to Prepare for the Future
620504 -
620505 - We considered ideas developed at the Jan 3 meeting for Intel to
620506 - support the future of microprocessor applications through studies
620507 - and pilot programs on how automation can be usefully applied, per
620508 - the report in the Oct 95 Byte magazine on p. 58, ref SDS 6 8888.
620509 - This fits the Asilomar agenda for the closing speaker, General
620510 - Hatch, who will encourage conferees to become Ambassadors of
620511 - Change within their organizations for improving leadership
620512 - through a better partnership with technology.
620513 -
620515 - ..
620516 -
620517 - • Donating a computer and Communication Metrics support to
620518 - raffle for a door prize, ref SDS 16 6760.
620519 -
620520 - Marcy said this idea has difficulties because Intel would not
620521 - typically be providing one computer over another. We decided
620522 - more thought is needed on how Intel can lead the way to show
620523 - organizations how to follow General Hatch's charge to
620524 - overcome ignorance, fear and denial by investigating how
620525 - technology can support leadership. Donating a computer and
620526 - support for Communication Metrics training puts muscle and
620527 - credibility into such an effort.
620529 - ..
620530 - It could be presented as part of a wider study to develop
620531 - information on how technology can support leadership, and
620532 - what needs to be done to make it more effective. Don't
620533 - raffle the computer per se, but let it be included as part of
620534 - a study. We could do a survey with conference registration
620535 - asking for volunteers to be part of such a study. This would
620536 - ensure only those individuals who meet certain criteria where
620537 - a study can be done productively, would be eligible for the
620538 - drawing.
620539 - ..
620540 - An alternative, or supplemental idea, would be to
620541 - announce at Asilomar that Intel has an internal pilot program
620542 - to evaluate Communication Metrics. Intel could return to
620543 - Asilomar the following year to report results, findings and
620544 - plans.
620546 - ..
620547 -
620548 - • Leverage capacity to think, remember and communicate, ref SDS
620549 - 9 7017.
620550 -
620551 - Marcy will follow up on discussions with David about meeting
620552 - separately with Intel for supporting a controlled academic
620553 - study on this point.
620555 - ..
620556 - If, like earlier studies for the telegraph, the telephone,
620557 - and electrical utility, it can be shown that automation can
620558 - generalize the capacity to convert information into
620559 - knowledge, then Intel and others can play an even greater
620560 - role in taking the next critical step in the evolution of
620561 - civilization.
620562 - ..
620563 - There is no better way to lead than by showing the
620564 - leader is taking the path urged for others to follow. At
620565 - Asilomar if Intel could announce it has a study under way or
620566 - at least under consideration, this would encourage others to
620567 - follow.
620568 -
620570 - ..
620571 - Follow Up
620572 -
620573 - We set meeting for week of Mar 25 to investigate status of Intel's
620574 - progress on the presentation, and formulate elements discussed today.
620575 -
620576 - Marcy will submit the letter confirming Intel's presentation to
620577 - Asilomar per my letter to David at ref DIP 8 line 41, and the draft
620578 - language at ref OF 5 line 21, submitted at ref DIP 5 line 35.
620579 -
620580 -
620581 -
6206 -
Distribution. . . . See "CONTACTS"